19

是否有可能获得字母(如 A,B)而不是数字(1,2),例如由于 Dense_Rank 函数调用(在 MS Sql 中)?

4

5 回答 5

43

尝试这个:

SELECT
   Letters = Char(64 + T.Num),
   T.Col1,
   T.Col2
FROM
   dbo.YourTable T
;

请注意,当你到 27 岁(过去Z)时,事情会变得有趣,而且没有用处。

如果你想开始将字母加倍,... X, Y, Z, AA, AB, AC, AD ...那么它会变得有点棘手。这适用于所有版本的 SQL Server。这些SELECT子句只是 CASE 语句的替代(每个短 2 个字符)。

SELECT
   *,
   LetterCode =
      Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 475255) / 456976 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 475255), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 18279) / 17576 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 18279), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 703) / 676 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 703), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 27) / 26 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 27), '')
      + (SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 1) % 26))
FROM dbo.YourTable N
ORDER BY N.Num
;

在 SQL Fiddle 上查看现场演示

(SQL 2008及以上的Demo,注意我Dense_Rank()是用来模拟一系列数字的)

这将从Ato 开始ZZZZZ,表示1to的值12356630。上面所有的疯狂而不是更简单的表达的原因是因为这里A不简单地表示0, 。在序列跳转到A添加到前面的下一个字母的每个阈值之前,实际上有一个隐藏的空白数字 - 但它不会再次使用。所以 5 个字母长不是 26^5 组合,而是 26 + 26^2 + 26^3 + 26^4 + 26^5!

让这段代码正常工作需要一些真正的修补......我希望你或有人欣赏它!只需添加另一个具有正确值的字母生成表达式,就可以轻松地将其扩展到更多字母。

因为看起来我现在正处于男子气概匹配的中间,所以我做了一些性能测试。循环对WHILE我来说不是比较性能的好方法,因为我的查询旨在一次针对整组行运行。当它可以针对一百万行运行一次时,对我来说对一行运行一百万次(基本上强制它进入虚拟 UDF 土地)是没有意义的,这是 OP 给出的用于执行的用例场景这针对大型行集。所以这里是针对 1,000,000 行进行测试的脚本(测试脚本需要 SQL Server 2005 及更高版本)。

DECLARE
   @Buffer varchar(16),
   @Start datetime;

SET @Start = GetDate();
WITH A (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM (VALUES (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1)) A (N)),
B (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM A, A X),
C (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM B, B X),
D (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM C, B X),
N (Num) AS (SELECT Row_Number() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) FROM D)
SELECT @Buffer = dbo.HinkyBase26(N.Num)
FROM N
;
SELECT [HABO Elapsed Milliseconds] = DateDiff( ms, @Start, GetDate());

SET @Start = GetDate();
WITH A (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM (VALUES (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1)) A (N)),
B (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM A, A X),
C (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM B, B X),
D (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM C, B X),
N (Num) AS (SELECT Row_Number() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) FROM D)
SELECT
   @Buffer =
      Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 475255) / 456976 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 475255), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 18279) / 17576 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 18279), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 703) / 676 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 703), '')
      + Coalesce((SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 27) / 26 % 26) WHERE N.Num >= 27), '')
      + (SELECT Char(65 + (N.Num - 1) % 26))   
FROM N
;
SELECT [ErikE Elapsed Milliseconds] = DateDiff( ms, @Start, GetDate());

结果:

UDF: 17093 ms
ErikE: 12056 ms

原始查询

我最初通过为每个字母生成 1 行并使用 XML 进行主元连接来做到这一点,这是一种“有趣”的方式,但虽然它确实很有趣,但事实证明它很慢。这是后代的版本(SQL 2005 和更高版本需要Dense_Rank,但在 SQL 2000 中仅用于将数字转换为字母):

WITH Ranks AS (
   SELECT
      Num = Dense_Rank() OVER (ORDER BY T.Sequence),
      T.Col1,
      T.Col2
   FROM
      dbo.YourTable T
)
SELECT
   *,
   LetterCode =
      (
         SELECT Char(65 + (R.Num - X.Low) / X.Div % 26)
         FROM
            (
               SELECT 18279, 475254, 17576
               UNION ALL SELECT 703, 18278, 676
               UNION ALL SELECT 27, 702, 26
               UNION ALL SELECT 1, 26, 1
            ) X (Low, High, Div)      
         WHERE R.Num >= X.Low
         FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
      ).value('.[1]', 'varchar(4)')
FROM Ranks R
ORDER BY R.Num
;

在 SQL Fiddle 上查看现场演示

于 2013-06-08T02:05:04.723 回答
7

提示:在您的 SQL Enterprise 管理器中尝试此操作

  select char(65), char(66), char(67)

对于排名高达 17,500(或三个字母,最高 ZZZ)的完整解决方案是:

select 
    case When rnk < 703 Then ''
 else Char(64 + ((rnk-26) / 26 / 26)) End +
    case When rnk < 27 Then '' 
   When rnk < 703 Then Char(64 + ((rnk-1)/ 26))
 else Char(65 + ((rnk-1)% 702 / 26)) End +
    Char(65 + ((rnk - 1) % 26))  
from (select Dense_Rank() 
     OVER (ORDER BY T.Sequence) rnk
      From YourTable t) z
于 2013-06-08T02:03:29.643 回答
5

您可以使用 UDF 将值转换为偏移量 base-26:

编辑:更正的功能。

create function dbo.HinkyBase26( @Value as BigInt ) returns VarChar(15) as
  begin
  -- Notes: 'A' = 0.  Negative numbers are not handled.
  declare @Result as VarChar(15) = '';

  if @Value = 0
    select @Result = 'A';
  else
    set @Value += 1;
  while @Value > 0
    select @Value -= 1, @Result = Char( ASCII( 'A' ) + @Value % 26 ) + @Result, @Value /= 26;
  return @Result;
  end;

样本值:

select Arabic, dbo.HinkyBase26( Arabic ) as Alpha
  from ( values ( 0 ), ( 1 ), ( 25 ), ( 26 ), ( 51 ), ( 52 ),
    ( 27 * 26 - 1 ), ( 27 * 26 ),
    ( 33685567531 ) ) as Foo( Arabic );

在 ErikE 的建议下,我在笔记本上进行了快速性能测试。UDF 与 XML 解决方案的 1,000,000 次迭代:

declare @Count as Int;
declare @Buffer as VarChar(16);
declare @Start as DateTime;

select @Count = 1000000, @Start = GetDate();
while @Count > 0
  select @Buffer = dbo.HinkyBase26( @Count ), @Count -= 1;
select DateDiff( ms, @Start, GetDate() ) as 'Elapsed Milliseconds'; -- 14,583    
select @Count = 1000000, @Start = GetDate();
while @Count > 0
  select @Buffer =
      (
         SELECT Char( ASCII( 'A' ) + (@Count - X.Low) / X.Div % 26)
         FROM
            (
               SELECT 18279, 475254, 17576
               UNION ALL SELECT 703, 18278, 676
               UNION ALL SELECT 27, 702, 26
               UNION ALL SELECT 1, 26, 1
            ) X (Low, High, Div)      
         WHERE @Count >= X.Low
         FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
      ).value('.[1]', 'varchar(4)'), @Count -= 1;
select DateDiff( ms, @Start, GetDate() ) as 'Elapsed Milliseconds'; -- 47,256

UDF 快了 3 倍多一点。

于 2013-06-08T13:32:32.987 回答
3

不是直接的答案 - 但如果有人有 3 个字符的字母转换要求,我正在做以下事情。

/*                    
Function Desc: Convert integer value to 3 character alpha-numeric
--Note: 1. This will return unique values from 0 to 17575, after that it startes again from AAA.
        2. Returns NULL If less than 0.

--Test Values
    select dbo.udfGetBase26CharacterValue(0) --AAA
    select dbo.udfGetBase26CharacterValue(17575) --ZZZ
    select dbo.udfGetBase26CharacterValue(17576) --AAA
    select dbo.udfGetBase26CharacterValue(NULL) --NULL
    select dbo.udfGetBase26CharacterValue(-1) --NULL
*/


CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].udfGetBase26CharacterValue
(    
    @id INT
)    
RETURNS CHAR(3)   
AS    
BEGIN    

IF ((@id < 0) OR (@id IS NULL))
BEGIN
    Return NULL
END

--Convert to base 26
Return  char(@id / power(26,2) % 26 + 65) +
            char(@id / 26 % 26 + 65) + 
            char(@id % 26 + 65)    

END

另一种方法 - 获取下一个字符代码(它是字母数字结果)。如果你通过'00A',它将返回'00B'

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetNextCharacterCode (@InputCode char(3))
RETURNS char(3)
AS
BEGIN


IF LEN(LTRIM(RTRIM(@InputCode))) = 2
BEGIN
    SET @InputCode = '0'+LTRIM(RTRIM(@InputCode))
END
ELSE IF LEN(LTRIM(RTRIM(@InputCode))) = 1
BEGIN
    SET @InputCode = '00'+LTRIM(RTRIM(@InputCode))
END


DECLARE @NewCode char(3)

SELECT @NewCode =
                    CASE WHEN RIGHT(@InputCode,2) != 'ZZ' THEN LEFT(@InputCode,1)
                       ELSE CHAR(
                                    CASE LEFT(@InputCode,1) WHEN '9' THEN 64 
                                                       WHEN 'Z' THEN 47 
                                                       ELSE ASCII(LEFT(@InputCode,1)
                                            ) 
                                  END + 1
                                )
                 END ---First Char
                 + 
                 CASE WHEN RIGHT(@InputCode,1) != 'Z' THEN SUBSTRING(@InputCode,2,1)
                       ELSE CHAR(
                                    CASE SUBSTRING(@InputCode,2,1) WHEN '9' THEN 64 
                                                       WHEN 'Z' THEN 47 
                                                       ELSE ASCII(SUBSTRING(@InputCode,2,1)) 
                                    END + 1
                                )
                   END ---Second Char
                + 
                CHAR(CASE RIGHT(@InputCode,1) WHEN '9' THEN 64 
                                         WHEN 'Z' THEN 47 
                                         ELSE ASCII(RIGHT(@InputCode,1)) 
                        END + 1) ---Third Char

RETURN @NewCode
END
GO
于 2016-02-29T16:40:46.110 回答
0

我用它作为我的函数的基础,将整数转换为 base26 字符串

DECLARE @Input integer  = 3000

DECLARE @Value     integer  
DECLARE @Quotient  integer      = 0
DECLARE @Remainder integer      = 0
DECLARE @Output    varchar(max) = ''

DECLARE @BASE char(26) = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

SET @Value = @Input

WHILE @Value > 0 BEGIN

  SET @Quotient  = @Value / 26
  SET @Remainder = @Value % 26

  SET @Output = substring(@BASE,@Remainder,1) + @Output

  SELECT @Value = @Quotient

END

SELECT @Output --- DKJ
于 2018-07-03T11:14:50.223 回答