当我作为初学者尝试设备驱动程序时,我有两个问题。
我创建了一个模块,加载了它,它动态地占用了主编号 251。次要设备的数量仅保留 1,即次要编号 0。为了测试,我在设备文件(使用 mknod 创建)上尝试了 echo 和 cat,它按预期工作。现在,如果我卸载模块但不删除 /dev 条目并再次加载具有相同主编号的模块并尝试写入/读取之前使用的相同设备文件,内核崩溃。我知道我们不应该这样做,只是想了解在这种情况下会发生什么导致这次崩溃。我认为 VFS 可以做到这一点。
当我在设备文件上执行 cat 时,读取会无限期地继续发生。为什么?要停止需要使用偏移操作。这看起来是因为默认读取的缓冲区长度为 32768?
编辑:在此我进一步添加了一个 ioctl 函数,如下所示,然后我收到有关 init 和 cleanup 函数的存储类的错误,如果没有定义 ioctl,它们会很好地工作。没有得到 ioctl 和 init/cleanup 函数的存储类之间的链接。更新的代码已发布。错误如下:
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:95:12: error: invalid storage class for function ‘flow_init’
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c: In function ‘flow_init’:
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:98:2: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c: In function ‘flow_ioctl’:
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:112:13: error: invalid storage class for function ‘flow_terminate’
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:119:1: error: invalid storage class for function ‘__inittest’
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:119:1: warning: ‘alias’ attribute ignored [-Wattributes]
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:120:1: error: invalid storage class for function ‘__exittest’
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:120:1: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement]
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:120:1: warning: ‘alias’ attribute ignored [-Wattributes]
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:120:1: error: expected declaration or statement at end of input
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c: At top level:
/home/diwakar/Documents/my_modules/first_test_module/flowTest.c:73:13: warning: ‘flow_ioctl’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
下面是代码:
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#define SUCCESS 0
#define BUF_LEN 80
#define FLOWTEST_MAGIC 'f'
#define FLOW_QUERY _IOR(FLOWTEST_MAGIC,1,int)
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
int minor_num=0,i;
int num_devices=1;
int fopen=0,counter=0,ioctl_test;
static struct cdev ms_flow_cd;
static char c;
///// Open , close and rest of the things
static int flow_open(struct inode *f_inode, struct file *f_file)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "flowtest device: OPEN\n");
return SUCCESS;
}
static ssize_t flow_read(struct file *f_file, char __user *buf, size_t
len, loff_t *off)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "flowtest Driver: READ()\nlength len=%d, Offset = %d\n",len,*off);
/* Check to avoid the infinitely printing on screen. Return 1 on first read, and 0 on subsequent read */
if(*off==1)
return 0;
printk(KERN_INFO "Copying...\n");
copy_to_user(buf,&c,1);
printk(KERN_INFO "Copied : %s\n",buf);
*off = *off+1;
return 1; // Return 1 on first read
}
static ssize_t flow_write(struct file *f_file, const char __user *buf,
size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "flowtest Driver: WRITE()\n");
if (copy_from_user(&c,buf+len-2,1) != 0)
return -EFAULT;
else
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Length len = %d\n\nLast character written is - %c\n",len,*(buf+len-2));
return len;
}
}
static int flow_close(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "ms_tty Device: CLOSE()\n");
return 0;
}
///* ioctl commands *///
static long flow_ioctl (struct file *filp,unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
switch(cmd) {
case FLOW_QUERY:
ioctl_test=51;
return ioctl_test;
default:
return -ENOTTY;
}
///////////////////File operations structure below/////////////////////////
struct file_operations flow_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = NULL,
.read = flow_read,
.write = flow_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = flow_ioctl,
.open = flow_open,
.release = flow_close
};
static int flow_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Here with flowTest module ... loading...\n");
int result=0;
dev_t dev=0;
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, minor_num,
num_devices,"mod_flowtest"); // allocate major number dynamically.
i=MAJOR(dev);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Major allocated = %d",i);
cdev_init(&ms_flow_cd,&flow_fops);
cdev_add(&ms_flow_cd,dev,1);
return 0;
}
static void flow_terminate(void)
{
dev_t devno=MKDEV(i,0); // wrap major/minor numbers in a dev_t structure , to pass for deassigning.
printk(KERN_ALERT "Going out... exiting...\n");
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,num_devices); //remove entry from the /proc/devices
}
module_init(flow_init);
module_exit(flow_terminate);