6

__attribute__ ((__packed__))对嵌套结构有什么影响?例如:

// C version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

// C++ version
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo
{
    struct Bar
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

我知道foo会很紧,但是呢bar?会不会太紧?是否__attribute__ ((__packed__))使嵌套struct也打包?

4

1 回答 1

8

不,bar不会被紧紧包装。它必须明确标记为__attribute__ ((__packed__))要打包。考虑以下示例:

#include <stdio.h>

struct
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo1;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo2;

struct
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo3;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo4;

int main()
{
    printf("sizeof(foo1): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo1));
    printf("sizeof(foo2): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo2));
    printf("sizeof(foo3): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo3));
    printf("sizeof(foo4): %d\n", (int)sizeof(foo4));

    return 0;
}

该程序的输出(使用 gcc 4.2、64 位和 clang 3.2、64 位编译)是:

sizeof(foo1): 16
sizeof(foo2): 13
sizeof(foo3): 12
sizeof(foo4): 10

如果 astruct及其嵌套struct的 s 都被紧密打包,则__attribute__ ((__packed__))必须为 each 显式声明struct。这是有道理的,如果您考虑将嵌套分开以便bar's 的类型在 之外声明foo,如下所示:

// Note Bar is not packed
struct Bar
{
    char c;
    int i;
};

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__))
{
    // Despite foo being packed, Bar is not, and thus bar will not be packed
    struct Bar bar;
    char c;
    int i;
} foo;

在上面的例子中,bar为了被打包,Bar必须声明为__attribute__ ((__packed__)). 如果您要复制“n”粘贴这些结构以便像在第一个代码示例中那样嵌套它们,您会看到打包行为是一致的。


对应的 C++ 代码(使用 g++ 4.2 和 clang++ 3.2 编译,针对 64 位,其结果与上述完全相同):

#include <iostream>

struct Foo1
{
    struct Bar1
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo1;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo2
{
    struct Bar2
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo2;

struct Foo3
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar3
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo3;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Foo4
{
    struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) Bar4
    {
        char c;
        int i;
    } bar;

    char c;
    int i;
} foo4;

int main()
{
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo1): " << (int)sizeof(foo1) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo2): " << (int)sizeof(foo2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo3): " << (int)sizeof(foo3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sizeof(foo4): " << (int)sizeof(foo4) << std::endl;
}
于 2013-06-03T19:43:45.400 回答