5

我在一个高并发应用程序上工作。在应用程序代码中,我尽量避免同步。最近,在比较非同步和同步代码版本的测试性能时,结果显示同步代码的执行速度比非同步代码快三四倍。

经过一些实验,我来到了这个测试代码:

private static final Random RND = new Random();
private static final int NUM_OF_THREADS = 3;
private static final int NUM_OF_ITR = 3;
private static final int MONKEY_WORKLOAD = 50000;

static final AtomicInteger lock = new AtomicInteger();

private static void syncLockTest(boolean sync) {
    System.out.println("syncLockTest, sync=" + sync);

    final AtomicLong jobsDone = new AtomicLong();
    final AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean();

    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_THREADS; i++) {
        Runnable runner;

        if (sync) {
            runner = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (!stop.get()){
                        jobsDone.incrementAndGet();

                        synchronized (lock) {
                            monkeyJob();
                        }

                        Thread.yield();
                    }
                }
            };
        } else {
            runner = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (!stop.get()){
                        jobsDone.incrementAndGet();

                        monkeyJob();

                        Thread.yield();
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        new Thread(runner).start();
    }

    long printTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_ITR;) {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (now - printTime > 10 * 1000) {
            printTime = now;
            System.out.println("Jobs done\t" + jobsDone);
            jobsDone.set(0);
            i++;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    stop.set(true);
}

private static double[] monkeyJob() {
    double[] res = new double[MONKEY_WORKLOAD];
    for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
        res[i] = RND.nextDouble();
        res[i] = 1./(1. + res[i]);
    }
    return res;
}

我玩弄了线程数、工作负载、测试迭代——每次同步代码的执行速度都比非同步代码快得多。

以下是 NUM_OF_THREADS 的两个不同值的结果

线程数:3
syncLockTest, sync=true J​​obs
done 5951
Jobs done 5958
Jobs done 5878
syncLockTest, sync=false
Jobs done 1399
Jobs done 1397
Jobs done 1391

线程数:5
syncLockTest, sync=true J​​obs
done 5895
Jobs done 6464
Jobs done 5886
syncLockTest, sync=false
Jobs done 1179
Jobs done 1260
Jobs done 1226

测试环境 Windows 7 Professional Java Version 7.0

这是一个类似的案例同步代码比非同步代码执行得更快

有任何想法吗?

4

2 回答 2

8

Random 是一个线程安全的类。您很可能通过围绕主作业同步来避免调用 Random 类的争用。

于 2013-05-31T12:52:07.880 回答
4

这很迷人。我认为@jtahlborn 做到了。如果我移动Random并使其成为线程的本地,非同步的时间会跳转〜10x,而synchronized那些不会改变:

这是我的时间static Random RND

syncLockTest, sync=true
Jobs done   8800
Jobs done   8839
Jobs done   8896
syncLockTest, sync=false
Jobs done   1401
Jobs done   1381
Jobs done   1423

这是我Random rnd每个线程都有一个局部变量的时间:

syncLockTest, sync=true
Jobs done   8846
Jobs done   8861
Jobs done   8866
syncLockTest, sync=false
Jobs done   25956   << much faster
Jobs done   26065   << much faster
Jobs done   26021   << much faster

我还想知道这是否与 GC 相关,但将其double[] res移至本地线程并没有帮助提高速度。这是我使用的代码:

...
@Override
public void run() {
    // made this be a thread local but it affected the times only slightly
    double[] res = new double[MONKEY_WORKLOAD];
    // turned rnd into a local variable instead of static
    Random rnd = new Random();
    while (!stop.get()) {
        jobsDone.incrementAndGet();
        if (sync) {
            synchronized (lock) {
                monkeyJob(res, rnd);
            }
        } else {
            monkeyJob(res, rnd);
        }
    }
}
...

private static double[] monkeyJob(double[] res, Random rnd) {
    for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
        res[i] = rnd.nextDouble();
        res[i] = 1. / (1. + res[i]);
    }
    return res;
}
于 2013-05-31T13:03:10.473 回答