当我从 NetBeans 执行此应用程序时，它可以正常工作（NetBeans 中的项目配置为使用 localhost 中的 tomcat 6 来部署它）。当我尝试在另一个 tomcat 中部署战争时，就会出现问题。
在尝试使用 tomcat 管理器在 tomcat 6.0.18 中部署战争时，我收到以下错误：
30-may-2013 16:19:48 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
GRAVE: Error listenerStart
这太宽泛了，所以我搜索了如何获得更具体的错误，在添加logging.properties到之后WEB-INF，我得到了这个堆栈跟踪：
com.sun.faces.config.ConfigurationException: CONFIGURATION FAILED! org.apache.myfaces.webapp.filter.TomahawkFacesContextFactory
at com.sun.faces.config.ConfigManager.initialize(ConfigManager.java:213)
at com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener.contextInitialized(ConfigureListener.java:196)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3843)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4342)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:830)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:515)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1231)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:297)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:836)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:761)
at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.check(ManagerServlet.java:1471)
at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.doPost(HTMLManagerServlet.java:243)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:637)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve.invoke(ReplicationValve.java:347)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: org.apache.myfaces.webapp.filter.TomahawkFacesContextFactory
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:340)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.getImplGivenPreviousImpl(FactoryFinder.java:537)
at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.getImplementationInstance(FactoryFinder.java:405)
at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.access$400(FactoryFinder.java:135)
at javax.faces.FactoryFinder$FactoryManager.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:717)
at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:239)
at com.sun.faces.config.processor.FactoryConfigProcessor.verifyFactoriesExist(FactoryConfigProcessor.java:186)
at com.sun.faces.config.processor.FactoryConfigProcessor.process(FactoryConfigProcessor.java:131)
at com.sun.faces.config.ConfigManager.initialize(ConfigManager.java:203)
... 34 more
根本原因是java.lang.InstantiationException : org.apache.myfaces.webapp.filter.TomahawkFacesContextFactory。调用Class.newInstance()时会引发此异常。查看javadoc，此异常的主要原因是“类对象表示抽象类、接口、数组类、原始类型或void”和“该类没有空构造函数”。TomahawkFacesContextFactory 没有没有参数的构造函数，所以我认为这就是引发异常的原因。这就是我卡住的地方，我不知道如何解决这个问题。
这是我的 web.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>XXXX</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/faces/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>servlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.fmt.localizationContext</param-name>
<param-value>resources.application</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<description>State saving method: 'client' or 'server' (=default). See JSF Specification 2.5.2</description>
<param-name>javax.faces.STATE_SAVING_METHOD</param-name>
<param-value>client</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<description>
This parameter tells MyFaces if javascript code should be allowed in
the rendered HTML output.
If javascript is allowed, command_link anchors will have javascript code
that submits the corresponding form.
If javascript is not allowed, the state saving info and nested parameters
will be added as url parameters.
Default is 'true'</description>
<param-name>org.apache.myfaces.ALLOW_JAVASCRIPT</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<description>
If true, rendered HTML code will be formatted, so that it is 'human-readable'
i.e. additional line separators and whitespace will be written, that do not
influence the HTML code.
Default is 'true'</description>
<param-name>org.apache.myfaces.PRETTY_HTML</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>org.apache.myfaces.DETECT_JAVASCRIPT</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<description>
If true, a javascript function will be rendered that is able to restore the
former vertical scroll on every request. Convenient feature if you have pages
with long lists and you do not want the browser page to always jump to the top
if you trigger a link or button action that stays on the same page.
Default is 'false'
</description>
<param-name>org.apache.myfaces.AUTO_SCROLL</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.apache.myfaces.webapp.StartupServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
tomcat 在 RedHatEnterpriseServer 5.2 上执行。它使用 Java 1.6.0_10。
库版本：Myfaces (2.0.2) 和 Tomahawk (1.1.11)。