Mapper.Map(source, dest)实际上返回目标对象,在您的情况下它将是personMissingStuff.
话虽如此,假设您只想填写目标中的空属性,则需要正确配置映射,而不是在目标属性有值时进行映射。
以下示例对类属性正是这样做的。对于值属性,您可能需要进行额外的配置。该示例使用 NUnit 和 SharpTestsEx:
[TestFixture]
public class LoadIntoInstance
{
    public class Template
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string OtherData { get; set; }
    }        
    [Test]
    public void Should_load_into_instance()
    {
        Mapper.CreateMap<Template, Person>()
            .ForMember(d=>d.OtherData, opt=>opt.Ignore());
        Mapper.CreateMap<Person, Person>()
            .ForAllMembers(opt=>opt.Condition(ctx=>ctx.DestinationValue==null));
        Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid();
        var template = new Template {Name = "template"};
        var basePerson = Mapper.Map<Person>(template);
        var noNamePerson = new Person {OtherData = "other"};
        var result = Mapper.Map(basePerson, noNamePerson);
        result.Should().Be.SameInstanceAs(noNamePerson);
        result.Satisfy(r =>
                       r.Name == "template" &&
                       r.OtherData == "other");
    }
}