我不认为 boost pool 能提供你想要的。实际上,除了对象类型之外,还有其他 4 个模板参数boost::pool_allocator
:
UserAllocator
:定义底层池将用于从系统分配内存的方法(默认 = boost::default_user_allocator_new_delete
)。
Mutex
:允许用户确定要在底层 singleton_pool(默认 = boost::details::pool::default_mutex
)上使用的同步类型。
NextSize
:该参数的值在创建时传递给底层池,并指定在第一个分配请求中分配的块数(默认 = 32)。
MaxSize
:此参数的值在创建时传递给底层池,并指定在任何单个分配请求中分配的最大块数(默认 = 0)。
您可能认为MaxSize
这正是您想要的,但不幸的是,事实并非如此。
boost::pool_allocator
使用boost::singleton_pool
基于 an 的底层,boost::pool
最终MaxSize
将传递给boost::pool<>
:的数据成员max_size
,那么在其中max_size
扮演什么角色boost::pool
呢?让我们看看boost::pool::malloc()
:
void * malloc BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION()
{ //! Allocates a chunk of memory. Searches in the list of memory blocks
//! for a block that has a free chunk, and returns that free chunk if found.
//! Otherwise, creates a new memory block, adds its free list to pool's free list,
//! \returns a free chunk from that block.
//! If a new memory block cannot be allocated, returns 0. Amortized O(1).
// Look for a non-empty storage
if (!store().empty())
return (store().malloc)();
return malloc_need_resize();
}
显然,boost::pool
如果内存块中没有可用的空闲块,则立即分配一个新的内存块。让我们继续深入研究malloc_need_resize()
:
template <typename UserAllocator>
void * pool<UserAllocator>::malloc_need_resize()
{ //! No memory in any of our storages; make a new storage,
//! Allocates chunk in newly malloc aftert resize.
//! \returns pointer to chunk.
size_type partition_size = alloc_size();
size_type POD_size = static_cast<size_type>(next_size * partition_size +
math::static_lcm<sizeof(size_type), sizeof(void *)>::value + sizeof(size_type));
char * ptr = (UserAllocator::malloc)(POD_size);
if (ptr == 0)
{
if(next_size > 4)
{
next_size >>= 1;
partition_size = alloc_size();
POD_size = static_cast<size_type>(next_size * partition_size +
math::static_lcm<sizeof(size_type), sizeof(void *)>::value + sizeof(size_type));
ptr = (UserAllocator::malloc)(POD_size);
}
if(ptr == 0)
return 0;
}
const details::PODptr<size_type> node(ptr, POD_size);
BOOST_USING_STD_MIN();
if(!max_size)
next_size <<= 1;
else if( next_size*partition_size/requested_size < max_size)
next_size = min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(next_size << 1, max_size*requested_size/ partition_size);
// initialize it,
store().add_block(node.begin(), node.element_size(), partition_size);
// insert it into the list,
node.next(list);
list = node;
// and return a chunk from it.
return (store().malloc)();
}
从源码中我们可以看出,max_size
只和下次向系统请求的chunk数量有关,我们只能通过这个参数来减缓增加的速度。
但请注意,我们可以定义底层池用于从系统分配内存的方法,如果我们限制从系统分配的内存大小,则池的大小不会继续增长。这样boost::pool
看来是多余的,可以直接将自定义分配器传递给STL容器。这是自定义分配器的示例(基于此链接),它从堆栈分配内存到给定大小:
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <new>
template <std::size_t N>
class arena
{
static const std::size_t alignment = 8;
alignas(alignment) char buf_[N];
char* ptr_;
bool
pointer_in_buffer(char* p) noexcept
{ return buf_ <= p && p <= buf_ + N; }
public:
arena() noexcept : ptr_(buf_) {}
~arena() { ptr_ = nullptr; }
arena(const arena&) = delete;
arena& operator=(const arena&) = delete;
char* allocate(std::size_t n);
void deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept;
static constexpr std::size_t size() { return N; }
std::size_t used() const { return static_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_ - buf_); }
void reset() { ptr_ = buf_; }
};
template <std::size_t N>
char*
arena<N>::allocate(std::size_t n)
{
assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
if (buf_ + N - ptr_ >= n)
{
char* r = ptr_;
ptr_ += n;
return r;
}
std::cout << "no memory available!\n";
return NULL;
}
template <std::size_t N>
void
arena<N>::deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
{
assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
if (pointer_in_buffer(p))
{
if (p + n == ptr_)
ptr_ = p;
}
}
template <class T, std::size_t N>
class short_alloc
{
arena<N>& a_;
public:
typedef T value_type;
public:
template <class _Up> struct rebind { typedef short_alloc<_Up, N> other; };
short_alloc(arena<N>& a) noexcept : a_(a) {}
template <class U>
short_alloc(const short_alloc<U, N>& a) noexcept
: a_(a.a_) {}
short_alloc(const short_alloc&) = default;
short_alloc& operator=(const short_alloc&) = delete;
T* allocate(std::size_t n)
{
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(a_.allocate(n*sizeof(T)));
}
void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
{
a_.deallocate(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p), n*sizeof(T));
}
template <class T1, std::size_t N1, class U, std::size_t M>
friend
bool
operator==(const short_alloc<T1, N1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept;
template <class U, std::size_t M> friend class short_alloc;
};
template <class T, std::size_t N, class U, std::size_t M>
inline
bool
operator==(const short_alloc<T, N>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept
{
return N == M && &x.a_ == &y.a_;
}
template <class T, std::size_t N, class U, std::size_t M>
inline
bool
operator!=(const short_alloc<T, N>& x, const short_alloc<U, M>& y) noexcept
{
return !(x == y);
}
int main()
{
const unsigned N = 1024;
typedef short_alloc<int, N> Alloc;
typedef std::vector<int, Alloc> SmallVector;
arena<N> a;
SmallVector v{ Alloc(a) };
for (int i = 0; i < 400; ++i)
{
v.push_back(10);
}
}