我正在使用预装了大部分 cairo 要求的无头 ubuntu 机器，但我在让 R 使用 Cairo 时遇到困难。有谁知道我需要设置/安装哪些标志或其他软件包才能让 install.packages 使用其依赖项的现有安装正确构建 Cairo？技巧：我不能使用 sudo 命令或 apt-get，并且附加软件必须涉及 <50Mb 的内存。这可能吗？如果我可以将它连接到 R 中，看起来我需要的几乎所有东西都存在。
> library('Cairo')
Error in library("Cairo") : there is no package called ‘Cairo’
> install.packages('Cairo')
...
* installing *source* package ‘Cairo’ ...
...
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
configure: CAIRO_CFLAGS=/usr/lib:/usr/bin:/usr/include
checking if R was compiled with the RConn patch... no
checking cairo.h usability... no
checking cairo.h presence... no
checking for cairo.h... no
configure: error: Cannot find cairo.h! Please install cairo (http://www.cairographics.org/) and/or set CAIRO_CFLAGS/LIBS correspondingly.
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘Cairo’
* removing ‘/app/vendor/R/lib64/R/library/Cairo’
这意味着我需要安装 libcairo2-dev 软件包，但通过 configure/make 安装会遇到 pixman 错误，尽管我的系统上存在 pixman：
package pixman-1 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `pixman-1.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'pixman-1' found
No package 'pixman-1' found
checking whether cairo's image surface backend feature could be enabled
no (requires pixman-1 >= 0.22.0 http://cairographics.org/releases/)error: mandatory image surface backend feature could not be enabled
安装什么：
$ dpkg -l | grep 'cairo\|png\|fontc\|pix'
ii fontconfig 2.8.0-2ubuntu1 generic font configuration library - support
ii fontconfig-con 2.8.0-2ubuntu1 generic font configuration library - configu
ii libcairo2 1.8.10-2ubuntu The Cairo 2D vector graphics library
ii libfontconfig1 2.8.0-2ubuntu1 generic font configuration library - runtime
ii libpixman-1-0 0.16.4-1ubuntu pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo
ii libpng12-0 1.2.42-1ubuntu PNG library - runtime
ii libpng12-dev 1.2.42-1ubuntu PNG library - development
我的会话信息：
> sessionInfo()
R version 2.15.1 (2012-06-22)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
R 没有看到 cairo：
> capabilities()
jpeg png tiff tcltk X11 aqua http/ftp sockets
FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
libxml fifo cledit iconv NLS profmem cairo
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE