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编辑：根据乔纳森的回答，我在问题下方添加了一些解决方案

我想在给定目录中列出具有特定名称模式的常规文件。我从boost.filesystem (boost 1.53) 中提取了一个示例并对其进行了修改。这是我基本上想要的工作版本：

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost::filesystem;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  path p ("."); // search directory

  try
  {
    if (exists(p))
    {
      if (is_directory(p))
      {
        cout << "logfiles in " << absolute(p) << '\n';
      // I want to replace this part:
        std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
        for(directory_iterator it(p); it != directory_iterator(); ++it)
        {
          if (is_regular_file(*it) && (extension(*it) == ".dat"))
          {
            datFiles.push_back(*it);
          }
        }
      // part to be replaced ends here
        BOOST_FOREACH(const directory_entry& de, datFiles)
        {
          cout << de << '\n';
        }
      }
    }
  }

  catch (const filesystem_error& ex)
  {
    cout << ex.what() << '\n';
  }

  return 0;
}

这会将所有以结尾的文件的条目附加.dat到目录条目列表中。稍后我需要更多模式匹配。然后我尝试对范围做同样的事情，但失败了。我现在将任务简化为简单地复制所有也无法编译的目录条目：

    // replacement starts here
        std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
        boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator> rng(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator());should be
        boost::copy(rng, datFiles.begin());
    // replacement ends here

我这样写是因为（来自 boost.filesystem 的 tut3.cpp）

directory_iterator::value_type 是 directory_entry

这样该副本就可以遍历范围，获取条目并将它们存储在我的列表中。但是，我从 gcc 收到很多错误消息：

In file included from boost_1_53_0/boost/type_traits/decay.hpp:18:0,
                 from boost_1_53_0/boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp:22,
                 from boost_1_53_0/boost/filesystem/path.hpp:25,
                 from boost_1_53_0/boost/filesystem.hpp:16,
                 from ~/20130519_searchDatFiles/main.cpp:3:
boost_1_53_0/boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp: In instantiation of ‘boost::mpl::eval_if_c<false, boost::range_const_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>, boost::range_mutable_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >’:
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/iterator.hpp:63:63:   instantiated from ‘boost::range_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>’
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/concepts.hpp:256:72:   instantiated from ‘boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>’
boost_1_53_0/boost/concept/detail/has_constraints.hpp:42:5:   instantiated from ‘const bool boost::concepts::not_satisfied<boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >::value’
boost_1_53_0/boost/concept/detail/has_constraints.hpp:45:31:   instantiated from ‘boost::concepts::not_satisfied<boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >’
boost_1_53_0/boost/mpl/if.hpp:67:11:   instantiated from ‘boost::mpl::if_<boost::concepts::not_satisfied<boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >, boost::concepts::constraint<boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >, boost::concepts::requirement<boost::concepts::failed************ boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>::************> >’
boost_1_53_0/boost/concept/detail/general.hpp:50:8:   instantiated from ‘boost::concepts::requirement_<void (*)(boost::SinglePassRangeConcept<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>)>’
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:33:1:   instantiated from ‘OutputIterator boost::range::copy(const SinglePassRange&, OutputIterator) [with SinglePassRange = boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)()), OutputIterator = std::_List_iterator<boost::filesystem::directory_entry>]’
~/20130519_searchDatFiles/main.cpp:45:42:   instantiated from here
boost_1_53_0/boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp:60:31: error: no type named ‘type’ in ‘boost::mpl::eval_if_c<false, boost::range_const_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>, boost::range_mutable_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())> >::f_ {aka struct boost::range_mutable_iterator<boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)())>}’
In file included from boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm.hpp:53:0,
                 from ~/20130519_searchDatFiles/main.cpp:7:
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp: In function ‘OutputIterator boost::range::copy(const SinglePassRange&, OutputIterator) [with SinglePassRange = boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator>(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)()), OutputIterator = std::_List_iterator<boost::filesystem::directory_entry>]’:
~/20130519_searchDatFiles/main.cpp:45:42:   instantiated from here
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:34:59: error: no matching function for call to ‘begin(boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator> (&)(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)()))’
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:34:59: note: candidates are:
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/begin.hpp:101:55: note: template<class T> typename boost::range_iterator::type boost::range_adl_barrier::begin(T&)
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/begin.hpp:112:61: note: template<class T> typename boost::range_iterator<const T>::type boost::range_adl_barrier::begin(const T&)
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:34:59: error: no matching function for call to ‘end(boost::iterator_range<boost::filesystem::directory_iterator> (&)(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator, boost::filesystem::directory_iterator (*)()))’
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:34:59: note: candidates are:
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/end.hpp:95:55: note: template<class T> typename boost::range_iterator::type boost::range_adl_barrier::end(T&)
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/end.hpp:106:61: note: template<class T> typename boost::range_iterator<const T>::type boost::range_adl_barrier::end(const T&)
boost_1_53_0/boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp:35:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]

我并不能真正过滤掉相关行，但我认为可以使用范围适配器过滤文件（毕竟我不只是想复制范围）。我的印象是，沿途的某个地方datFiles.begin()不满足复制算法所需的概念。

我的一些解决方案

以下是我根据乔纳森的回答提出的一些解决方案（包括过滤）。

使用全局谓词函数bool isDatFile(const path& p)：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy(rng | boost::adaptors::filtered(isDatFile), std::back_inserter(datFiles));

不过，我更喜欢本地功能，所以我尝试了。这只是检查目录条目是否是常规文件，需要静态转换，因为is_regular_file重载：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy(rng
            | boost::adaptors::filtered(static_cast<bool (*)(const path&)>(&is_regular_file)),
            std::back_inserter(datFiles));

在范围适配器中检查正确的扩展也有点困难，所以我添加了一个本地函数：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
bool BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION(const path& p)
{
  return (is_regular_file(p) && (extension(p) == string(".dat")));
} BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION_NAME(isDatFile_l)
boost::copy(rng
            | boost::adaptors::filtered(isDatFile_l),
            std::back_inserter(datFiles));

最后是使用绑定的“单线”：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy(rng
            | boost::adaptors::filtered(static_cast<bool (*)(const path&)>(&is_regular_file))
            | boost::adaptors::filtered(boost::bind(std::equal_to<path>(), boost::bind(extension, _1), path(".dat"))),
            std::back_inserter(datFiles));
4

1 回答 1

8

这条线是最令人烦恼的 Parse：

boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator> rng(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator());

这声明了一个函数而不是一个对象。

您可以将其更改为：

boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator> rng = boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator>(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator());

或者在 C++11 中：

auto rng = boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator>(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator());

但最好使用工厂函数：

boost::iterator_range<directory_iterator> rng = boost::make_iterator_range(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator());

通过使用make_iterator_range你不需要命名迭代器的类型，它将从参数类型中推导出来。

另一个问题是您正在写入一个空列表，这是未定义的行为，您应该使用插入迭代器push_back()在您的工作代码中调用。把它们放在一起：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy( boost::make_iterator_range(directory_iterator(p), directory_iterator()),
             std::back_inserter(datFiles) );

在 C++11 中它更简洁：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy( boost::make_iterator_range(directory_iterator(p), {}),
             std::back_inserter(datFiles) );

现在您可以很容易地添加过滤器：

std::list<directory_entry> datFiles;
boost::copy( boost::make_iterator_range(directory_iterator(p), {}) | some_dir_filter,
             std::back_inserter(datFiles) );
于 2013-05-19T22:58:20.760 回答