3

就像 Ctl,Alt + 删除

我想编写一个程序,它在 python 中使用具有 3 个或更多参数的全局热键。只有当我按下键盘上的所有三个键时,分配的功能才会执行。例如 alt、windows 和 F3。

win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5

这是我要运行的当前程序,但是它的输出是:

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "C:\Python32\Syntax\hot keys\hotkeys2.py", line 41, in <module>
   for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)

该程序:

import os
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32con

byref = ctypes.byref
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32

HOTKEYS = {
  1 : (win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5),
  2 : (win32con.VK_F4, win32con.MOD_WIN),
  3 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_WIN)
    }

    def handle_win_f3 ():
  #os.startfile (os.environ['TEMP'])
  print ("Hello WOrld! F3")

def handle_win_f4 ():
  #user32.PostQuitMessage (0)
    print ("Hello WOrld! F4")

def handle_win_f1_escape ():
    print("exit")
    sys.exit()

HOTKEY_ACTIONS = {
  1 : handle_win_f3,
  2 : handle_win_f4,
  3 : handle_win_f1_escape
}

for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
  print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
  if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
    print ("Unable to register id", id)

try:
  msg = wintypes.MSG ()
  while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
    if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
      action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam)
      #print(" msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:")
      if action_to_take:
        action_to_take ()

    user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg))
    user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg))

finally:
  for id in HOTKEYS.keys ():
    user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)
    print("user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)")

注册 3 个热键?可能的? 解释如何使用分配一个需要按下的键,然后是否需要按下其中两个。但是,我不会认为该功能仅在同时按下所有功能时才执行。我拿了

4

2 回答 2

5

对于任何对此主题的细节和更详细的示例感兴趣的人,我最近编写了一个简短的程序来演示 win32con 提供的热键功能。该程序允许您通过命令行指定和测试您想要的任何热键:

用法: python.exe hotkey.py MOD_ALT VK_UP -> 测试热键 ALT + 向上箭头

# Imports
import win32con
import ctypes, ctypes.wintypes
import sys

#
# Functions
#
def dispatch_hotkey(msg):
    mod = msg.lParam & 0b1111111111111111
    key = msg.lParam >> 16
    bit = bin(msg.lParam)[2:]
    print("\n*** Received hotkey message (wParam: %d, lParam: %d)" % (msg.wParam, msg.lParam))
    print("lParam bitmap: %s" % bit)
    print("lParam low-word (modifier): %d, high-word (key): %d" % (mod, key))
    print("-> Hotkey %s with modifier %s detected\n" % (keys[key], mods[mod]))

#
# Main
#

# Build translation maps (virtual key codes / modifiers to string)
# Note: exec() is a hack and should not be used in real programs!!
print("\n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item in dir(win32con):
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        exec("mods[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("mods[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")
    if item.startswith("VK_"):
        exec("keys[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("keys[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")

# Process command line
print("\n*** Processing command line")

mod = "MOD_WIN"
key = "VK_ESCAPE"
for param in sys.argv:
    if param.startswith("MOD_"):
        if param in mods: mod = param
        else: print("\nInvalid modifier specified (%s). Using default.\n-> Use '--list-mods' for a list of valid modifiers." % param)
    if param.startswith("VK_"):
        if param in keys: key = param
        else: print("\nInvalid key specified (%s). Using default.\n-> Use '--list-keys' for a list of valid keys." % param)

if "--list-mods" in sys.argv:
    print("\nAvailable modifiers:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("MOD_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("\b\b ")

if "--list-keys" in sys.argv:
    print("\nAvailable keys:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("VK_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("\b\b ")

# Register hotkey
print("\n*** Registering global hotkey (modifier: %s, key: %s)" % (mod, key))
ctypes.windll.user32.RegisterHotKey(None, 1, mods[mod], keys[key])

# Wait for hotkey to be triggered
print("\n*** Waiting for hotkey message...")
try:
    msg = ctypes.wintypes.MSG()
    while ctypes.windll.user32.GetMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
        if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
            dispatch_hotkey(msg)
            break
        ctypes.windll.user32.TranslateMessage(ctypes.byref(msg))
        ctypes.windll.user32.DispatchMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg))

# Unregister hotkey
finally:
    ctypes.windll.user32.UnregisterHotKey(None, 1)

请注意,该程序仅用于演示目的,因为程序的一部分(例如 exec 函数)不应在生产环境中使用。另请注意,使用这种方法,您将无法覆盖 WIN + E 等内置热键,它们将被忽略并仍执行内置功能(例如打开资源管理器)。

另一种方式(@martineau 提供)

以下是如何在不使用的情况下构建翻译地图exec()

print("\n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item, value in vars(win32con).items():
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        mods[item] = value
        mods[value] = item
    elif item.startswith("VK_"):
        keys[item] = value
        keys[value] = item
于 2014-07-09T13:07:21.280 回答
4

对于初学者,如果您想要alt,windows和F3,您不需要win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.MOD_WIN用于HOTKEYS条目吗?

但是,用andF3键的修饰符说 press 并没有什么意义。Win F5

线上的错误:

for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():

是因为每个字典条目的值都是可变长度的tuple。这是一种处理方式,它也按位将所有修饰符值组合在一起,以准备将它们作为单个参数传递给RegisterHotKey().

from functools import reduce

for id, values in HOTKEYS.items ():
    vk, modifiers = values[0], reduce (lambda x, y: x | y, values[1:])
    print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
    if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
        print ("Unable to register id", id)

如果您的代码正确缩进并遵循PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code建议,那么解决您的问题会更容易。请考虑将来这样做。

于 2013-05-17T21:59:37.327 回答