3

我有一个类似于以下内容的 SQL 表：

ID, Date,   D1, D2, D3
1   1/1/13  0   X   A
2   1/2/13          
3   1/3/13  1
4   1/4/13          B
5   1/5/13

我需要更新到以下内容：

ID, Date,   D1, D2, D3
1   1/1/13  0   X   A
2   1/2/13  0   X   A       
3   1/3/13  1   X   A   
4   1/4/13  1   X   B
5   1/5/13  1   X   B

基本上用它之前的值填充所有空值。这只会执行一次。循环是最好的选择吗？或者有什么更有效的方法吗？

4

2 回答 2

5

假设您使用的是 SQL-Server，您可以使用这个公共表表达式：

WITH cte 
     AS (SELECT T1.id, 
                T1.date, 
                d1 = COALESCE(T1.d1, (SELECT TOP 1 d1 
                                      FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                                      WHERE  T2.id < T1.id  
                                             AND d1 IS NOT NULL 
                                      ORDER  BY id DESC)), 
                d2 = COALESCE(T1.d2, (SELECT TOP 1 d2 
                                      FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                                      WHERE  T2.id < T1.id 
                                             AND d2 IS NOT NULL 
                                      ORDER  BY id DESC)), 
                d3 = COALESCE(T1.d3, (SELECT TOP 1 d3 
                                      FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                                      WHERE  T2.id < T1.id
                                             AND d3 IS NOT NULL 
                                      ORDER  BY id DESC)) 
         FROM   dbo.tablename T1) 
UPDATE T 
SET    T.d1 = C.d1, 
       T.d2 = C.d2, 
       T.d3 = C.d3 
FROM   dbo.tablename T 
       INNER JOIN cte C 
               ON T.id = C.id 
WHERE  T.d1 IS NULL 
        OR T.d2 IS NULL 
        OR T.d3 IS NULL

演示

编辑由于您在评论中提到了您所拥有的''而不是null，因此这是一个支持两者的修改版本：

WITH cte AS 
        (SELECT T1.id, 
                T1.date, 
                d1 = CASE WHEN COALESCE(T1.d1, '') <> '' THEN d1 
                       ELSE(SELECT TOP 1 d1 
                            FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                            WHERE  T2.id < T1.id 
                                   AND COALESCE(T2.d1, '') <> '' 
                            ORDER  BY T2.id DESC) END, 
                d2 = CASE WHEN COALESCE(T1.d2, '') <> '' THEN d2 
                       ELSE(SELECT TOP 1 d2 
                            FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                            WHERE  T2.id < T1.id 
                                   AND COALESCE(T2.d2, '') <> '' 
                            ORDER  BY T2.id DESC) END, 
                d3 = CASE WHEN COALESCE(T1.d3, '') <> '' THEN d3 
                       ELSE(SELECT TOP 1 d3 
                            FROM   dbo.tablename T2 
                            WHERE  T2.id < T1.id 
                                   AND COALESCE(T2.d3, '') <> '' 
                            ORDER  BY T2.id DESC) END 
         FROM   dbo.tablename T1) 
UPDATE T 
SET    T.d1 = C.d1, 
       T.d2 = C.d2, 
       T.d3 = C.d3 
FROM   dbo.tablename T 
       INNER JOIN cte C 
               ON T.id = C.id 
WHERE  COALESCE(T.d1, '') = '' 
        OR COALESCE(T.d2, '') = '' 
        OR COALESCE(T.d3, '') = ''

演示

于 2013-05-15T13:54:25.917 回答
1

假设我们使用ID列来确定顺序，您可以在没有循环的情况下执行此操作。

你是否想这样做是另一回事 - 它看起来并不漂亮：

declare @t table (ID int, Date date,   D1 int, D2 char(1), D3 char(1))
insert into @t(ID, Date,   D1, D2, D3) values
(1,'20130101',0,'X','A'),
(2,'20130201',null,null,null),     
(3,'20130301',1,null,null),
(4,'20130401',null,null,'B'),
(5,'20130501',null,null,null)

update a
set
    a.D1 = COALESCE(a.D1,d1.D1),
    a.D2 = COALESCE(a.D2,d2.D2),
    a.D3 = COALESCE(a.D3,d3.D3)
from
    @t a
        left join
    @t D1
        on
            D1.ID < a.ID and
            D1.D1 IS NOT NULL
        left join
    @t D1_anti
        on
            D1_anti.ID < a.ID and
            D1_anti.D1 is not null and
            D1_anti.ID > D1.ID
        left join
    @t D2
        on
            D2.ID < a.ID and
            D2.D2 IS NOT NULL
        left join
    @t D2_anti
        on
            D2_anti.ID < a.ID and
            D2_anti.D2 is not null and
            D2_anti.ID > D2.ID
        left join
    @t D3
        on
            D3.ID < a.ID and
            D3.D3 IS NOT NULL
        left join
    @t D3_anti
        on
            D3_anti.ID < a.ID and
            D3_anti.D3 is not null and
            D3_anti.ID > D3.ID
where
    D1_anti.ID is null and
    D2_anti.ID is null and
    D3_anti.ID is null

select * from @t

基本上，我们执行连接以尝试找到可能适用的较早行，然后执行_anti连接以确保每个找到的较早行都是存在的最新此类行。

于 2013-05-15T14:02:58.063 回答