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我正在尝试使用几何着色器渲染广告牌,该几何着色器将点作为输入并输出三角形流(使用 DirectX11)。然而,目前的结果并不是我所期望的。

为了比较,这里有两张截图,渲染了相同的一组粒子,从相同的方向(或多或少,我不得不将相机旋转约 90°)和距离,一次渲染为点,一次用我的广告牌渲染着色器:

使用广告牌着色器渲染的粒子 粒子渲染为点

正如您在第二张图片中看到的那样,当渲染为点时,可以清楚地看到粒子正在远离中心移动,几乎覆盖了整个屏幕,而当使用广告牌着色器渲染时,它们的比例略有变化,但始终保持静止。

不幸的是,我不知道是什么原因造成的。我一直在关注诸如this之类的教程,它解释了应该如何设置矩阵,但是结果表明我的期望或实现是错误的。

下面是广告牌着色器的代码,它构建矩阵来描述粒子的方向,然后为广告牌发射两个三角形:

#include <Materials/SceneConstants.hlsl>
#include <Materials/ModelConstants.hlsl>
#include <Particles/Particle.hlsl>

Texture2D diffuseTexture : register(ps, t[0]);
SamplerState diffuseSampler : register(ps, s[0]);

struct PS_IN
{
    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 Color : COLOR;
    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
};

Particle vs(Particle input)
{
    return input;
}

[maxvertexcount(4)]
void gs(point Particle particles[1], inout TriangleStream<PS_IN> triStream)
{
    // We need to create a matrix for the local coordinate system for the billboard of the given particle.
    // One axis points from the particle to the camera, one axis is the camera's side axis (for example to
    // the left) and the third one is perpendicular to both.
    Particle particle = particles[0];

    float3 zAxis = normalize(CameraPosition - particle.Position);
    float3 xAxis = normalize(cross(float3(0, 1, 0), zAxis));
    float3 yAxis = cross(zAxis, xAxis);

    // The matrix to describe the local coordinate system is easily constructed:
    float4x4 localToWorld;
    localToWorld._11 = xAxis.x;
    localToWorld._21 = xAxis.y;
    localToWorld._31 = xAxis.z;
    localToWorld._12 = yAxis.x;
    localToWorld._22 = yAxis.y;
    localToWorld._32 = yAxis.z;
    localToWorld._13 = zAxis.x;
    localToWorld._23 = zAxis.y;
    localToWorld._33 = zAxis.z;
    localToWorld._41 = particle.Position.x;
    localToWorld._42 = particle.Position.y;
    localToWorld._43 = particle.Position.z;
    localToWorld._14 = 0;
    localToWorld._24 = 0;
    localToWorld._34 = 0;
    localToWorld._44 = 1;

    // And the matrix to transform from local to screen space...
    float4x4 transform = localToWorld * World * ViewProjection;

    // The positions of that quad is easily described in the local coordinate system:
    // -z points towards the camera, y points upwards and x towards the right.
    // The position marks the center of the quad, hence (0, 0, 0) is the center of the quad in
    // local coordinates and the quad has an edge-length of particle.Size to either side.
    PS_IN v1, v2, v3, v4;
    //float size = particle.Size / 2;
    float size = 0.5f;
    v1.Position = mul(float4(-size, size, 0, 1), transform);
    v1.TexCoord = float2(0, 0);
    v1.Color    = particle.Color;
    v2.Position = mul(float4(size, size, 0, 1), transform);
    v2.TexCoord = float2(1, 0);
    v2.Color    = particle.Color;
    v3.Position = mul(float4(-size,-size, 0, 1), transform);
    v3.TexCoord = float2(0, 1);
    v3.Color    = particle.Color;
    v4.Position = mul(float4(size, -size, 0, 1), transform);
    v4.TexCoord = float2(1, 1);
    v4.Color    = particle.Color;

    triStream.Append(v1);
    triStream.Append(v2);
    triStream.Append(v3);
    triStream.Append(v4);
}

float4 ps(PS_IN input) : SV_TARGET0
{
    /*float4 texel = diffuseTexture.Sample(diffuseSampler, input.TexCoord);
    return input.Color * texel;*/
    return float4(1, 1, 1, 1);
}

作为参考,这里是将粒子渲染为简单点的着色器代码:

#include <Materials/SceneConstants.hlsl>
#include <Materials/ModelConstants.hlsl>
#include <Particles/Particle.hlsl>


struct PS_IN
{
    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 Color : COLOR;
};

PS_IN vs(Particle input)
{
    PS_IN output;

    float4 posWorld = mul(float4(input.Position, 1), World);
    output.Position = mul(posWorld, ViewProjection);
    output.Color = input.Color;

    return output;
}

float4 ps(PS_IN input) : SV_TARGET0
{
    //return input.Color;
    return float4(1, 1, 1, 1);
}

我注意到的另一个奇怪之处是我的广告牌没有面向相机,至少并非总是如此。但是,从我设置矩阵的方式来看,我希望他们能够这样做。相反,它们仅在从两个相反方向观察时才面向相机,然后在我开始旋转相机时宽度会减小。

这使我相信我在构建矩阵时犯了一个错误,但是我无法发现它。

希望大家能帮我找到问题。在此先感谢您的帮助!

编辑

我似乎已经找到了解决这个问题的方法,但是我不明白为什么会这样。出于某种奇怪的原因,我不能将 localToWorld 矩阵与 ViewProjection 矩阵相乘。相反,我必须将其分为两个步骤,如下所示:

v1.Position = mul(float4(-size, size, 0, 1), localToWorld);
v1.Position = mul(v1.Position, ViewProjection);

我不明白为什么会这样,也许它与使用 row_major 矩阵而不是默认的 column_major 有关。但就像现在一样,这种行为对我来说根本没有任何意义:矩阵乘法应该是关联的,因此上面的代码片段应该产生与原始代码相同的结果,但显然不是。也许你们中的一些人可以对这里发生的事情有所了解。

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1 回答 1

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我认为您的翻译向量位于矩阵的错误部分,它应该是

localToWorld._14 = particle.Position.x;
localToWorld._24 = particle.Position.y;
localToWorld._34 = particle.Position.z;
localToWorld._41 = 0;
localToWorld._42 = 0;
localToWorld._43 = 0;
于 2013-05-08T14:59:51.867 回答