有没有办法调整 Android 中字符之间的间距TextView
?我相信这通常被称为“字距调整”。
我知道该android:textScaleX
属性,但这会压缩字符和间距。
我构建了一个自定义类,它扩展了 TextView 并添加了一个方法“setSpacing”。解决方法类似于@Noah 所说的。该方法在字符串的每个字母之间添加一个空格,并使用SpannedString更改空格的 TextScaleX,允许正负间距。
希望对某人有所帮助^^
/**
* Text view that allows changing the letter spacing of the text.
*
* @author Pedro Barros (pedrobarros.dev at gmail.com)
* @since May 7, 2013
*/
import android.content.Context;
import android.text.Spannable;
import android.text.SpannableString;
import android.text.style.ScaleXSpan;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class LetterSpacingTextView extends TextView {
private float spacing = Spacing.NORMAL;
private CharSequence originalText = "";
public LetterSpacingTextView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public LetterSpacingTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
super(context, attrs);
}
public LetterSpacingTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle){
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
}
public float getSpacing() {
return this.spacing;
}
public void setSpacing(float spacing) {
this.spacing = spacing;
applySpacing();
}
@Override
public void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type) {
originalText = text;
applySpacing();
}
@Override
public CharSequence getText() {
return originalText;
}
private void applySpacing() {
if (this == null || this.originalText == null) return;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < originalText.length(); i++) {
builder.append(originalText.charAt(i));
if(i+1 < originalText.length()) {
builder.append("\u00A0");
}
}
SpannableString finalText = new SpannableString(builder.toString());
if(builder.toString().length() > 1) {
for(int i = 1; i < builder.toString().length(); i+=2) {
finalText.setSpan(new ScaleXSpan((spacing+1)/10), i, i+1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
}
super.setText(finalText, BufferType.SPANNABLE);
}
public class Spacing {
public final static float NORMAL = 0;
}
}
使用它:
LetterSpacingTextView textView = new LetterSpacingTextView(context);
textView.setSpacing(10); //Or any float. To reset to normal, use 0 or LetterSpacingTextView.Spacing.NORMAL
textView.setText("My text");
//Add the textView in a layout, for instance:
((LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.myLinearLayout)).addView(textView);
如果有人正在寻找一种简单的方法来将字距调整应用于任何字符串(技术上,CharSequence
)而不使用TextView
:
public static Spannable applyKerning(CharSequence src, float kerning)
{
if (src == null) return null;
final int srcLength = src.length();
if (srcLength < 2) return src instanceof Spannable
? (Spannable)src
: new SpannableString(src);
final String nonBreakingSpace = "\u00A0";
final SpannableStringBuilder builder = src instanceof SpannableStringBuilder
? (SpannableStringBuilder)src
: new SpannableStringBuilder(src);
for (int i = src.length() - 1; i >= 1; i--)
{
builder.insert(i, nonBreakingSpace);
builder.setSpan(new ScaleXSpan(kerning), i, i + 1,
Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
return builder;
}
AFAIK,您无法在TextView
. Canvas
如果您使用 2D 图形 API在自己上绘制文本,则可以调整字距。
从 Android 21 开始,您可以使用设置letterSpacing
属性。
<TextView
android:width="..."
android:height="..."
android:letterSpacing="1.3"/>
这是我的解决方案,它在每个字符之间添加了统一的间距(以像素为单位)。此跨度假定所有文本都在一行中。这基本上实现了@commonsWare 的建议。
SpannableStringBuilder builder = new SpannableStringBuilder("WIDE normal");
builder.setSpan(new TrackingSpan(20), 0, 4, Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
...
private static class TrackingSpan extends ReplacementSpan {
private float mTrackingPx;
public TrackingSpan(float tracking) {
mTrackingPx = tracking;
}
@Override
public int getSize(Paint paint, CharSequence text,
int start, int end, Paint.FontMetricsInt fm) {
return (int) (paint.measureText(text, start, end)
+ mTrackingPx * (end - start - 1));
}
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas, CharSequence text,
int start, int end, float x, int top, int y,
int bottom, Paint paint) {
float dx = x;
for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
canvas.drawText(text, i, i + 1, dx, y, paint);
dx += paint.measureText(text, i, i + 1) + mTrackingPx;
}
}
}
我发现调整字距的唯一方法是创建一个自定义字体,其中字形推进被改变。
当您使用 TextView 时,很难调整字符之间的间距。但是,如果您可以自己处理绘图,则应该有某种方法可以做到这一点。
我对这个问题的回答是: 使用您的自定义 Span。
我的代码:
public class LetterSpacingSpan extends ReplacementSpan {
private int letterSpacing = 0;
public LetterSpacingSpan spacing(int space) {
letterSpacing = space;
return this;
}
@Override
public int getSize(@NonNull Paint paint, CharSequence text, int start, int end, @Nullable Paint.FontMetricsInt fm) {
return (int) paint.measureText(text, start, end) + (text.length() - 1) * letterSpacing;
}
@Override
public void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas, CharSequence text, int start, int end, float x, int top, int y, int bottom, @NonNull Paint paint) {
int length = text.length();
float currentX = x;
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
canvas.drawText(text, i, i + 1, currentX, y, paint);
currentX += paint.measureText(text, i, i + 1) + letterSpacing;
}
}
}
解释:
构建你自己的Span
可以帮助你实现许多惊人的效果,比如制作一个模糊的 TextView,改变你的 TextView 的背景或前景,甚至制作一些动画。我从这篇文章中学到了很多东西跨越一个强大的概念。
因为您要为每个字符添加间距,所以我们应该使用字符级别的基本跨度,在这种情况下,ReplacementSpan 是最佳选择。我添加了一个spacing
方法,因此在使用它时,您可以简单地将每个字符所需的空格作为参数传递。
在构建自定义跨度时,您需要覆盖至少两个方法,getSize
并且draw
. 在我们为整个字符序列添加间距后,该getSize
方法应该返回最终宽度,并且在draw
方法块内,您可以控制Canvas
进行您想要的绘图。
那么我们如何使用这个 LetterSpacingSpan 呢?这简单:
用法:
TextView textView;
Spannable content = new SpannableString("This is the content");
textView.setSpan(new LetterSpacingSpan(), 0, 4, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
textView.setText(content);
就是这样。
您也可以尝试使用SpannedString但您需要对其进行解析并更改每个单词的字符间距
这个答案可能对想要使用 drawText 在 Canvas 上使用字距绘制文本的人有所帮助(这与 TextView 中的文本无关)。
从 Lollipop 开始,方法 setLetterSpacing 在 Paint 上可用。如果 SDK 是 LOLLIPOP 和 on,则使用 setLetterSpacing。否则,将调用一个类似于@dgmltn 上述建议的方法:
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
paint.setLetterSpacing(-0.04f); // setLetterSpacing is only available from LOLLIPOP and on
canvas.drawText(text, xOffset, yOffset, paint);
} else {
float spacePercentage = 0.05f;
drawKernedText(canvas, text, xOffset, yOffset, paint, spacePercentage);
}
/**
* Programatically drawn kerned text by drawing the text string character by character with a space in between.
* Return the width of the text.
* If canvas is null, the text won't be drawn, but the width will still be returned
* kernPercentage determines the space between each letter. If it's 0, there will be no space between letters.
* Otherwise, there will be space between each letter. The value is a fraction of the width of a blank space.
*/
private int drawKernedText(Canvas canvas, String text, float xOffset, float yOffset, Paint paint, float kernPercentage) {
Rect textRect = new Rect();
int width = 0;
int space = Math.round(paint.measureText(" ") * kernPercentage);
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
if (canvas != null) {
canvas.drawText(String.valueOf(text.charAt(i)), xOffset, yOffset, paint);
}
int charWidth;
if (text.charAt(i) == ' ') {
charWidth = Math.round(paint.measureText(String.valueOf(text.charAt(i)))) + space;
} else {
paint.getTextBounds(text, i, i + 1, textRect);
charWidth = textRect.width() + space;
}
xOffset += charWidth;
width += charWidth;
}
return width;
}
@Pedro Barros 的答案有一个小编辑。如果您使用 SpannableString 来设置它,它会很有用,例如,如果您想为某些字符制作不同的颜色:
private void applySpacing() {
SpannableString finalText;
if (!(originalText instanceof SpannableString)) {
if (this.originalText == null) return;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < originalText.length(); i++) {
builder.append(originalText.charAt(i));
if (i + 1 < originalText.length()) {
builder.append("\u00A0");
}
}
finalText = new SpannableString(builder.toString());
} else {
finalText = (SpannableString) originalText;
}
for (int i = 1; i < finalText.length(); i += 2) {
finalText.setSpan(new ScaleXSpan((spacing + 1) / 10), i, i + 1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
super.setText(finalText, TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE);
}
我想使用@PedroBarros 答案,但是通过定义间距应该是像素。
这是我对 applySpacing 方法的编辑:
private void applySpacing() {
if (this == null || this.originalText == null) return;
Paint testPaint = new Paint();
testPaint.set(this.getPaint());
float spaceOriginalSize = testPaint.measureText("\u00A0");
float spaceScaleXFactor = ( spaceOriginalSize > 0 ? spacing/spaceOriginalSize : 1);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < originalText.length(); i++) {
builder.append(originalText.charAt(i));
if(i+1 < originalText.length()) {
builder.append("\u00A0");
}
}
SpannableString finalText = new SpannableString(builder.toString());
if(builder.toString().length() > 1) {
for(int i = 1; i < builder.toString().length(); i+=2) {
finalText.setSpan(new ScaleXSpan(spaceScaleXFactor), i, i+1, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
}
super.setText(finalText, BufferType.SPANNABLE);
}
我是 Android 开发人员的初学者,如果这不好,请随时告诉我!
另一种解决方案。
public static SpannableStringBuilder getSpacedSpannable(Context context, String text, int dp) {
if (text == null) return null;
if (dp < 0) throw new RuntimeException("WRONG SPACING " + dp);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas();
Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(context, R.drawable.pixel_1dp);
Bitmap main = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
canvas.setBitmap(main);
drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
drawable.draw(canvas);
SpannableStringBuilder builder = new SpannableStringBuilder();
char[] array = text.toCharArray();
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(main, dp * main.getWidth(), main.getHeight(), false);
for (char ch : array) {
builder.append(ch);
builder.append(" ");
ImageSpan imageSpan = new ImageSpan(context, bitmap);
builder.setSpan(imageSpan, builder.length() - 1, builder.length(), Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
return builder;
}
其中 pixel_1dp 是 XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<solid android:color="@android:color/transparent"/>
<size android:height="1dp" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>
要设置间距,请使用如下代码:
textView.setText(getSpacedSpannable(context, textView.getText().toString(), <Your spacing DP>), TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE);