19

我是python的新手。今天当我编写一些搜索功能时遇到了一个错误。好吧，我使用sqlalchemy orm来做到这一点，在我的功能中，我输入了一个中文单词作为关键字。html页面给了我一个UnicodeEncodeError在 /user/search:'latin-1' 编解码器无法对位置 0-1 中的字符进行编码：序数不在范围内（256）。我的代码是这样的：

def user_search(request):
    name = request.GET.get('name').strip()
    user_list = list()

    if name:
        user_list = User.get_by_name(name)

class User(object):
    @classmethod
    def get_by_name(cls, name):
        return DBSession.query(cls).filter(cls.name==name)

Traceback 在这里：

Traceback:
    File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  111.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/lib/decorators.py" in wrapper
  75.                     return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/lib/decorators.py" in wrapper
  39.             output = function(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/apps/user/user_views.py" in user_search
  47.     users = jump_page(paginator, page)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/apps/user/utils.py" in jump_page
  92.         return paginator.page(1)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in page
  37.         number = self.validate_number(number)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in validate_number
  28.         if number > self.num_pages:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in _get_num_pages
  60.             if self.count == 0 and not self.allow_empty_first_page:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in _get_count
  48.                 self._count = self.object_list.count()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in count
  2414.         return self.from_self(col).scalar()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in scalar
  2240.             ret = self.one()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in one
  2209.         ret = list(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in __iter__
  2252.         return self._execute_and_instances(context)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in _execute_and_instances
  2267.         result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in execute
  664.                                                 params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in _execute_clauseelement
  764.             compiled_sql, distilled_params
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in _execute_context
  871.                                     context)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py" in do_execute
  324.         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py" in execute
  183.             query = query % db.literal(args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/connections.py" in literal
  264.         return self.escape(o, self.encoders)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/connections.py" in unicode_literal
  202.                 return db.literal(u.encode(unicode_literal.charset))

Exception Type: UnicodeEncodeError at /user/search
Exception Value: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: ordinal not in range(256)`

当我遇到错误时，我在 python shell 中进行了测试，它运行良好，代码在这里：

from apps.user.models import User user = User.get_by_name('取信').first() print user print user.name

那么我该怎么做才能让它在我的 html 页面中工作呢？非常感谢！

4

2 回答 2

39

我假设您在这里使用 MySQL 和 MySQLdb 驱动程序。

MySQLdb 驱动程序使用的默认编码是 latin-1，它不支持您的字符集。您需要使用 UTF-8（或其他，但 UTF-8 是最常见的）才能通过 MySQLdb 与您的数据库进行通信（请参阅http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/dialects/ mysql.html#unicode）。

为此，请使用以下行创建引擎：

create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://USER:@SERVER:PORT/DB?charset=utf8', encoding='utf-8')

您还可以使用sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL该类构建引擎 url，并将其发送到create engine函数。当您在配置文件中进行设置时，我发现它很有用。

import sqlalchemy.engine.url as url

engine_url = url.URL(
    drivername='mysql+' + cfg['MYSQL_PYTHON_DRIVER'],
    host=cfg['MYSQL_HOST'],
    port=cfg['MYSQL_PORT'],
    username=cfg['MYSQL_USER'],
    password=cfg['MYSQL_PWD'],
    database=cfg['MYSQL_DB'],
    query={'charset': 'utf8'}
)
db = create_engine(engine_url, encoding='utf-8')

希望有帮助。

于 2013-05-06T17:40:45.390 回答
4

根据您的堆栈跟踪，您正在使用 MySQL Python 并打开了 unicode 编码，因为它正在执行编码。所以你可能需要指定一个兼容的编码（注意这是 MySQLdb DBAPI 使用的所有设置，SQLalhcemy 只是通过它们）：

create_engine('mysql+mysqldb:///mydb?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1')

http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/dialects/mysql.html#unicode

于 2013-05-06T17:25:29.643 回答