我正在编写一个小型 C 客户端/服务器应用程序,但在使用外部 IP 地址时无法使连接正常工作。客户端和服务器的代码都取自这里,尤其是客户端:
    char *default_server_name = "localhost";
    char *server_name = NULL;
    int nport = DEFAULT_DAMA_PORT;
    char port[15];
    // Parse the command line options
    if (parse_options(argc, argv, &server_name, &nport) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (server_name == NULL) {
        server_name = default_server_name;
    }
    snprintf(port, 15, "%d", nport);
    // Connect to the server
    int client_socket;
    struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
    int rv;
    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
    if ((rv = getaddrinfo(server_name, port, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv));
        exit(1);
    }
    for (p=servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
        if ((client_socket = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
#ifdef DEBUG
            perror("socket");
#endif
            continue;
        }
        if (connect(client_socket, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
            close(client_socket);
#ifdef DEBUG
            perror("connect");
#endif
            continue;
        }
        // Connected succesfully!
        break;
    }
    if (p == NULL) {
        // The loop wasn't able to connect to the server
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't connect to the server\n.");
        exit(1);
    }
而服务器:
    int nport;
    char port[15];
    if (parse_options(argc, argv, &nport) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    snprintf(port, 15, "%d", nport);
    int server_socket;
    struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
    int rv;
    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
    if ((rv = getaddrinfo(NULL, port, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv));
        exit(1);
    }
    for (p=servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
        if ((server_socket = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
#ifdef DEBUG
            perror("socket");
#endif
            continue;
        }
        if (bind(server_socket, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
            close(server_socket);
#ifdef DEBUG
            perror("bind");
#endif
            continue;
        }
        // We binded successfully!
        break;
    }
    if (p == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to bind socket\n");
        exit(2);
    }
    int pl_one, pl_two;
    socklen_t pl_one_len, pl_two_len;
    struct sockaddr_in pl_one_addr, pl_two_addr;
    if (listen(server_socket, 2) < 0) {
        fatal_error("Error in syscall listen.", 2);
    }
    // Get the two clients connections.
    pl_one_len = sizeof(pl_one_addr);
    pl_one = accept(server_socket,
                    (struct sockaddr *)&pl_one_addr,
                    &pl_one_len);
    if (pl_one < 0) {
        fatal_error("Error in syscall accept.", 3);
    }
    pl_two_len = sizeof(pl_two_addr);
    pl_two = accept(server_socket,
                    (struct sockaddr *)&pl_two_addr,
                    &pl_two_len);
    if (pl_two < 0) {
        fatal_error("Error in syscall accept.", 3);
    }
如果我在命令行中指定我的机器的 IP,因此server_name客户端中的 设置为类似 的字符串151.51.xxx.xxx,则套接字无法连接到服务器。也使用127.0.0.1显示相同的行为,这让我认为当文档说明时:
您感兴趣的主机名位于 nodename 参数中。地址可以是主机名,例如“www.example.com”,也可以是 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址(作为字符串传递)。
这只是在开玩笑。
我做错了什么吗?防火墙等是否存在阻止客户端使用 IP 地址连接的问题?
注意:我已经针对这个问题进行了很多搜索,有些人说完全避免使用getaddrinfo并直接填充INADDR_ANY,但是getaddrinfo文档指出传递NULLasnodename应该已经用 填充地址INADDR_ANY,所以我不明白为什么要使用当新方法自动执行此操作时,旧方法。