1

考虑下面的代码:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base{
    int i;
    public:
    virtual bool baseTrue() {return true;}
    Base(int i) {this->i=i;}
    int get_i() {return i;}
    };

class Derived : public Base{
    int j;
    public:
    Derived(int i,int j) : Base(i) {this->j=j;}
    int get_j() {return j;}
    };

int main()
{
    Base *bp;
    Derived *pd,DOb(5,10);

    bp = &DOb;

    //We are trying to cast base class pointer to derived class pointer
    cout << bp->get_i() << endl;
    cout << ((Derived *)bp)->get_j() << endl;**//HERE1**

    pd=dynamic_cast<Derived*> (bp); **//HERE2**
    // If base class is not polymorphic
    //throw error
    //error: cannot dynamic_cast `bp' (of type `class Base*') to
    //type `class Derived*' (source type is not polymorphic)

    cout << pd->get_j() << endl;**//HERE2**

    //Now we try to cast derived Class Pointer to base Class Pointer

    Base *pb;
    Derived *dp,Dbo(50,100);
    dp = &Dbo;


    cout << ((Base *)dp)->get_i() << endl;**//HERE3**
    //cout << ((Base *)dp)->get_j() << endl;
    //throws error Test.cpp:42: error: 'class Base' has no member named 'get_j'

    pb =  dynamic_cast<Base * > (dp); **//HERE4**
    cout << pb->get_i() << endl; **//HERE4**
    //cout << pb->get_j() << endl;
    //throws error Test.cpp:47: error: 'class Base' has no member named 'get_j'


    return 0;
    }

输出

Gaurav@Gaurav-PC /cygdrive/d/Glaswegian/CPP/Test
$ ./Test
5
10
10
50
50

我投射的方式(行 HERE1 和 HERE2 )和(HERE3 和 HERE4),两者有什么区别?两者都产生相同的输出,那么为什么要选择 dynamic_cast

4

1 回答 1

5

dynamic_cast是“安全的”,因为当你做“坏”的事情时它要么抛出异常,要么返回 NULL(或者,正如 Nawaz 所说,它不能编译,因为类型非常糟糕,编译器可以看到它出错了)

(Derived *)...表单的行为类似于reinterpret_cast<Derived *>(...),这是“不安全的” - 它只会将一个指针转换为另一种指针类型,无论这是否产生有意义的结果。如果它表现得“糟糕”,那是你的问题。

你可以这样做:

int x = 4711;

Derived *dp = (Derived *)x; 
cout << dp->get_j(); 

编译器可能会抱怨整数的大小,但除此之外,它会编译代码。它很可能根本不会运行,但如果运行,结果可能没有什么“有用”。

于 2013-05-02T13:05:14.527 回答