我设法编写了运行简单填字游戏的代码（通过教程）。我是 Python 的新手，所以我错误地使用了 2.7 中的一些代码和 3.2 中的一些代码，我想我设法解决了这个问题，但现在我的目标是让它“更令人赏心悦目”。在这一点上，我的话只出现在我的 Python 解释器上，但我希望有人可以让我知道我必须在 tkinter 上做什么才能让它看起来像一个正确的填字游戏，即让画布为我的代码绘制一个网格，这样每个单词会出现在它自己的小方块中。我将如何解决这个问题？下面是我用于拼图的代码和我试图放入网格的单词（它们的长度）。有人建议我为每个单词制作一个条目小部件，但我不知道该怎么做。谢谢！
import random, re, time, string
from copy import copy as duplicate
class Crossword(object):
def __init__(self, cols, rows, empty = '-', maxloops = 2000, available_words=[]):
self.cols = cols
self.rows = rows
self.empty = empty
self.maxloops = maxloops
self.available_words = available_words
self.randomize_word_list()
self.current_word_list = []
self.debug = 0
self.clear_grid()
def clear_grid(self): # initialize grid and fill with empty character
self.grid = []
for i in range(self.rows):
ea_row = []
for j in range(self.cols):
ea_row.append(self.empty)
self.grid.append(ea_row)
def randomize_word_list(self): # also resets words and sorts by length
temp_list = []
for word in self.available_words:
if isinstance(word, Word):
temp_list.append(Word(word.word, word.clue))
else:
temp_list.append(Word(word[0], word[1]))
random.shuffle(temp_list) # randomize word list
temp_list.sort(key=lambda i: len(i.word), reverse=True) # sort by length
self.available_words = temp_list
def compute_crossword(self, time_permitted = 1.00, spins=2):
time_permitted = float(time_permitted)
count = 0
copy = Crossword(self.cols, self.rows, self.empty, self.maxloops, self.available_words)
start_full = float(time.time())
while (float(time.time()) - start_full) < time_permitted or count == 0: # only run for x seconds
self.debug += 1
copy.current_word_list = []
copy.clear_grid()
copy.randomize_word_list()
x = 0
while x < spins: # spins; 2 seems to be plenty
for word in copy.available_words:
if word not in copy.current_word_list:
copy.fit_and_add(word)
x += 1
#print copy.solution()
#print len(copy.current_word_list), len(self.current_word_list), self.debug
# buffer the best crossword by comparing placed words
if len(copy.current_word_list) > len(self.current_word_list):
self.current_word_list = copy.current_word_list
self.grid = copy.grid
count += 1
return
def suggest_coord(self, word):
count = 0
coordlist = []
glc = -1
for given_letter in word.word: # cycle through letters in word
glc += 1
rowc = 0
for row in self.grid: # cycle through rows
rowc += 1
colc = 0
for cell in row: # cycle through letters in rows
colc += 1
if given_letter == cell: # check match letter in word to letters in row
try: # suggest vertical placement
if rowc - glc > 0: # make sure we're not suggesting a starting point off the grid
if ((rowc - glc) + word.length) <= self.rows: # make sure word doesn't go off of grid
coordlist.append([colc, rowc - glc, 1, colc + (rowc - glc), 0])
except: pass
try: # suggest horizontal placement
if colc - glc > 0: # make sure we're not suggesting a starting point off the grid
if ((colc - glc) + word.length) <= self.cols: # make sure word doesn't go off of grid
coordlist.append([colc - glc, rowc, 0, rowc + (colc - glc), 0])
except: pass
# example: coordlist[0] = [col, row, vertical, col + row, score]
#print word.word
#print coordlist
new_coordlist = self.sort_coordlist(coordlist, word)
#print new_coordlist
return new_coordlist
def sort_coordlist(self, coordlist, word): # give each coordinate a score, then sort
new_coordlist = []
for coord in coordlist:
col, row, vertical = coord[0], coord[1], coord[2]
coord[4] = self.check_fit_score(col, row, vertical, word) # checking scores
if coord[4]: # 0 scores are filtered
new_coordlist.append(coord)
random.shuffle(new_coordlist) # randomize coord list; why not?
new_coordlist.sort(key=lambda i: i[4], reverse=True) # put the best scores first
return new_coordlist
def fit_and_add(self, word): # doesn't really check fit except for the first word; otherwise just adds if score is good
fit = False
count = 0
coordlist = self.suggest_coord(word)
while not fit and count < self.maxloops:
if len(self.current_word_list) == 0: # this is the first word: the seed
# top left seed of longest word yields best results (maybe override)
vertical, col, row = random.randrange(0, 2), 1, 1
'''
# optional center seed method, slower and less keyword placement
if vertical:
col = int(round((self.cols + 1)/2, 0))
row = int(round((self.rows + 1)/2, 0)) - int(round((word.length + 1)/2, 0))
else:
col = int(round((self.cols + 1)/2, 0)) - int(round((word.length + 1)/2, 0))
row = int(round((self.rows + 1)/2, 0))
# completely random seed method
col = random.randrange(1, self.cols + 1)
row = random.randrange(1, self.rows + 1)
'''
if self.check_fit_score(col, row, vertical, word):
fit = True
self.set_word(col, row, vertical, word, force=True)
else: # a subsquent words have scores calculated
try:
col, row, vertical = coordlist[count][0], coordlist[count][1], coordlist[count][2]
except IndexError: return # no more cordinates, stop trying to fit
if coordlist[count][4]: # already filtered these out, but double check
fit = True
self.set_word(col, row, vertical, word, force=True)
count += 1
return
def check_fit_score(self, col, row, vertical, word):
'''
And return score (0 signifies no fit). 1 means a fit, 2+ means a cross.
The more crosses the better.
'''
if col < 1 or row < 1:
return 0
count, score = 1, 1 # give score a standard value of 1, will override with 0 if collisions detected
for letter in word.word:
try:
active_cell = self.get_cell(col, row)
except IndexError:
return 0
if active_cell == self.empty or active_cell == letter:
pass
else:
return 0
if active_cell == letter:
score += 1
if vertical:
# check surroundings
if active_cell != letter: # don't check surroundings if cross point
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col+1, row): # check right cell
return 0
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col-1, row): # check left cell
return 0
if count == 1: # check top cell only on first letter
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col, row-1):
return 0
if count == len(word.word): # check bottom cell only on last letter
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col, row+1):
return 0
else: # else horizontal
# check surroundings
if active_cell != letter: # don't check surroundings if cross point
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col, row-1): # check top cell
return 0
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col, row+1): # check bottom cell
return 0
if count == 1: # check left cell only on first letter
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col-1, row):
return 0
if count == len(word.word): # check right cell only on last letter
if not self.check_if_cell_clear(col+1, row):
return 0
if vertical: # progress to next letter and position
row += 1
else: # else horizontal
col += 1
count += 1
return score
def set_word(self, col, row, vertical, word, force=False): # also adds word to word list
if force:
word.col = col
word.row = row
word.vertical = vertical
self.current_word_list.append(word)
for letter in word.word:
self.set_cell(col, row, letter)
if vertical:
row += 1
else:
col += 1
return
def set_cell(self, col, row, value):
self.grid[row-1][col-1] = value
def get_cell(self, col, row):
return self.grid[row-1][col-1]
def check_if_cell_clear(self, col, row):
try:
cell = self.get_cell(col, row)
if cell == self.empty:
return True
except IndexError:
pass
return False
def solution(self): # return solution grid
outStr = ""
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in self.grid[r]:
outStr += '%s ' % c
outStr += '\n'
return outStr
def word_find(self): # return solution grid
outStr = ""
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in self.grid[r]:
if c == self.empty:
outStr += '%s ' % string.ascii_lowercase[random.randint(0,len(string.ascii_lowercase)-1)]
else:
outStr += '%s ' % c
outStr += '\n'
return outStr
def order_number_words(self): # orders words and applies numbering system to them
self.current_word_list.sort(key=lambda i: (i.col + i.row))
count, icount = 1, 1
for word in self.current_word_list:
word.number = count
if icount < len(self.current_word_list):
if word.col == self.current_word_list[icount].col and word.row == self.current_word_list[icount].row:
pass
else:
count += 1
icount += 1
def display(self, order=True): # return (and order/number wordlist) the grid minus the words adding the numbers
outStr = ""
if order:
self.order_number_words()
copy = self
for word in self.current_word_list:
copy.set_cell(word.col, word.row, word.number)
for r in range(copy.rows):
for c in copy.grid[r]:
outStr += '%s ' % c
outStr += '\n'
outStr = re.sub(r'[a-z]', ' ', outStr)
return outStr
def word_bank(self):
outStr = ''
temp_list = duplicate(self.current_word_list)
random.shuffle(temp_list) # randomize word list
for word in temp_list:
outStr += '%s\n' % word.word
return outStr
def legend(self): # must order first
outStr = ''
for word in self.current_word_list:
outStr += '%d. (%d,%d) %s: %s\n' % (word.number, word.col, word.row, word.down_across(), word.clue )
return outStr
class Word(object):
def __init__(self, word=None, clue=None):
self.word = re.sub(r'\s', '', word.lower())
self.clue = clue
self.length = len(self.word)
# the below are set when placed on board
self.row = None
self.col = None
self.vertical = None
self.number = None
def down_across(self): # return down or across
if self.vertical:
return 'down'
else:
return 'across'
def __repr__(self):
return self.word
### end class, start execution
#start_full = float(time.time())
word_list = ['saffron', 'The dried, orange yellow plant used to as dye and as a cooking spice.'], \
['pumpernickel', 'Dark, sour bread made from coarse ground rye.'], \
['leaven', 'An agent, such as yeast, that cause batter or dough to rise..'], \
['coda', 'Musical conclusion of a movement or composition.'], \
['paladin', 'A heroic champion or paragon of chivalry.'], \
['syncopation', 'Shifting the emphasis of a beat to the normally weak beat.'], \
['albatross', 'A large bird of the ocean having a hooked beek and long, narrow wings.'], \
['harp', 'Musical instrument with 46 or more open strings played by plucking.'], \
['piston', 'A solid cylinder or disk that fits snugly in a larger cylinder and moves under pressure as in an engine.'], \
['caramel', 'A smooth chery candy made from suger, butter, cream or milk with flavoring.'], \
['coral', 'A rock-like deposit of organism skeletons that make up reefs.'], \
['dawn', 'The time of each morning at which daylight begins.'], \
['pitch', 'A resin derived from the sap of various pine trees.'], \
['fjord', 'A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes.'], \
['lip', 'Either of two fleshy folds surrounding the mouth.'], \
['lime', 'The egg-shaped citrus fruit having a green coloring and acidic juice.'], \
['mist', 'A mass of fine water droplets in the air near or in contact with the ground.'], \
['plague', 'A widespread affliction or calamity.'], \
['yarn', 'A strand of twisted threads or a long elaborate narrative.'], \
['snicker', 'A snide, slightly stifled laugh.']
a = Crossword(13, 13, '-', 5000, word_list)
a.compute_crossword(2)
print (a.word_bank())
print (a.solution())
print (a.word_find())
print (a.display())
print (a.legend())
print (len(a.current_word_list), 'out of', len(word_list))
print (a.debug)
#end_full = float(time.time())
#print end_full - start_full