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这是我的设置：

rails 3.12.2，rspec 2.13.1，spork 0.9.2，mysql gem 0.3.11。我是 RoR 和 rspec 的新手。

我在后台运行 spork，没有在 spork 中报告任何问题。

当我运行我的模型测试时：

rake spec:models --trace

我得到以下结果：

 Invoke spec:models (first_time)
 Invoke test:prepare (first_time)
 Invoke db:test:prepare (first_time)
 Invoke db:abort_if_pending_migrations (first_time)
 Invoke environment (first_time)
 Execute environment
 Invoke db:load_config (first_time)
 Execute db:load_config
 Execute db:abort_if_pending_migrations
 Execute db:test:prepare
 Invoke db:test:load (first_time)
 Invoke db:test:purge (first_time)
 Invoke environment
 Invoke db:load_config
 Execute db:test:purge
 Execute db:test:load
 Invoke db:test:load_schema (first_time)
 Invoke db:test:purge
 Execute db:test:load_schema
 Invoke db:schema:load (first_time)
 Invoke environment
 Invoke db:load_config
 Execute db:schema:load
 Execute test:prepare
 Execute spec:models
 ruby.exe -S rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb
 ..

  Finished in 0.51565 seconds
  2 examples, *0 failures*

  Randomized with seed 540

<-- Slave(1) run done!
**rake aborted!**
ruby.exe -S rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb     **failed**
/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rspec-core-2.13.1/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb:156:in `run_task'
/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rspec-core-2.13.1/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb:124:in `block (2 levels) in initialize'

....

/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `standard_exception_handling'
/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-10.0.4/lib/rake/application.rb:70:in `run'
ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-10.0.4/bin/rake:33:in `**<top (required)>**'
bin/rake:19:in `load'
bin/rake:19:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => spec:models

所以我的测试似乎通过了，但整体 rspec 结果失败了。如果我在没有spork 的情况下运行它，它就可以正常工作。所以我的（修改后的）问题是如何让它与 spork 一起使用？我需要为 spork 配置什么来解决我看到的问题吗？下面是 rspec 和 spork 文件。

这是“用户”的 rspec：

require_relative '../spec_helper'
require_relative '../../app/models/user'

describe User do

before :each do
    @user = User.new login: 'TestUser', name: 'Test User 999'
end


it "login and name are required fields" do
  @user.name.should_not be_nil
  @user.login.should_not be_nil
end

it "can be instantiated" do
  User.new.should be_an_instance_of(User)
end
end

这是 spec_helper.rb 的内容：

require 'spork'
Spork.prefork do

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'

# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
# in spec/support/ and its subdirectories.
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each {|f| require f}

  RSpec.configure do |config|


  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true 
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false


  config.order = "random"
  end
 end

Spork.each_run do
 # This code will be run each time you run your specs.

end

那么使用 spork 运行时出现上述“最需要的”错误的根本原因是什么？我是否提供了确定根本原因所需的一切？

我查看了其他问题（What does mean <top (required)> in rspec?）（“<top (required)>”在 Ruby 堆栈跟踪中是什么意思？）但它们不是同一个问题。

TIA,

斯科特

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