sql - SQL：对一张表进行不相交的选择

Question

美好时光。

比如说，有一个表包含有关考试结果的数据：

                EXAM_RESULTS
| ID | EXAM_TYPE | PERSON_ID | EXAM_RESULT |

一个学生可以多次尝试通过具体考试，因此上表中的一个学生可能有四行：三行表示不及格，一行表示成功。我需要选择所有尚未通过具体类型考试的学生。

请建议，如何做或在哪里阅读这样的技巧。

编辑：样本记录：

| 1 | SDA | 111 | FAIL |
| 2 | SDA | 111 | FAIL |
| 3 | SDA | 111 | PASSED |
| 4 | SDA | 222 | FAIL |
| 4 | SDA | 222 | FAIL |

根据任务查询必须只选择222人因为他没有通过SDA考试（111人最终通过）

Answer 1

SELECT  Person_ID
FROM    Exam_Result
WHERE   Exam_type = 'type_here'
GROUP   BY Person_ID
HAVING  COUNT(CASE WHEN EXAM_RESULT = 'PASSED' THEN 1 END) = 0

Answer 2

/* Students that not have passed the exam: either haven't taken it or failed all their's attempts */
/* All the students */
select distinct Person_id
  from Exam_Results

except /* this keyword is server dependent! MINUS for Oracle*/

/* Students that have passed */
select Person_Id
  from Exam_Results
 where (Exam_Result = 'passed') and
       (Exam_Type = 'my exam type')

Answer 3

只是为了让您领先一步，您可以这样做：

SELECT PersonId,
       COUNT(CASE WHEN ExamResult = 'PASS' THEN 1 END) CNT
FROM ExamResults
WHERE ExamType = 'CONCRETE'
GROUP BY PersonId
HAVING COUNT(CASE WHEN ExamResult = 'PASS' THEN 1 END) > 0

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