python - 如何将颜色条添加到极坐标图（玫瑰图）？

Question

在此示例中，颜色与每个条的半径相关。如何在该图中添加颜色条？

我的代码模仿了“玫瑰图”投影，它本质上是极坐标投影上的条形图。

这是其中的一部分：

angle = radians(10.)
patches = radians(360.)/angle
theta = np.arange(0,radians(360.),angle)
count = [0]*patches
for i, item in enumerate(some_array_of_azimuth_directions):
    temp = int((item - item%angle)/angle)
    count[temp] += 1
width = angle * np.ones(patches)

# force square figure and square axes looks better for polar, IMO
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8], polar=True)

rmax = max(count) + 1

ax.set_rlim(0,rmax)
ax.set_theta_offset(np.pi/2)
ax.set_thetagrids(np.arange(0,360,10))
ax.set_theta_direction(-1)

# project strike distribution as histogram bars
bars = ax.bar(theta, count, width=width)
r_values = []
colors = []
for r,bar in zip(count, bars):
    r_values.append(r/float(max(count)))
    colors.append(cm.jet(r_values[-1], alpha=0.5))
    bar.set_facecolor(colors[-1])
    bar.set_edgecolor('grey')
    bar.set_alpha(0.5)

# Add colorbar, make sure to specify tick locations to match desired ticklabels
colorlist = []
r_values.sort()
values = []
for val in r_values:
    if val not in values:
        values.append(val*float(max(count)))

    color = cm.jet(val, alpha=0.5)
    if color not in colorlist:
        colorlist.append(color)

cpt = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(colorlist)
bounds = range(max(count)+1)
norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(values, cpt.N-1)

cax = fig.add_axes([0.97, 0.3, 0.03, 0.4])
cb = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(cax, cmap=cpt,
                                     norm=norm,
                                     boundaries=bounds,
                                     # Make the length of each extension
                                     # the same as the length of the
                                     # interior colors:
                                     extendfrac='auto',
                                     ticks=[bounds[i] for i in range(0, len(bounds), 2)],
                                     #ticks=bounds,
                                     spacing='uniform')

这是结果图：

如您所见，颜色条不太正确。我已经玩了很多代码，但我只是不知道如何正确地标准化颜色条。

Answer 1

最简单的方法是使用 aPatchCollection并传入你的“z”（即你想要着色的值）作为arraykwarg。

举个简单的例子：

import itertools
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
import numpy as np

def main():
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar')
    x = np.radians(np.arange(0, 360, 10))
    y = np.random.random(x.size)
    z = np.random.random(y.size)
    cmap = plt.get_cmap('cool')
    coll = colored_bar(x, y, z, ax=ax, width=np.radians(10), cmap=cmap)
    fig.colorbar(coll)
    ax.set_yticks([0.5, 1.0])
    plt.show()   

def colored_bar(left, height, z=None, width=0.8, bottom=0, ax=None, **kwargs):
    if ax is None:
        ax = plt.gca()
    width = itertools.cycle(np.atleast_1d(width))
    bottom = itertools.cycle(np.atleast_1d(bottom))
    rects = []
    for x, y, h, w in zip(left, bottom, height, width):
        rects.append(Rectangle((x,y), w, h))
    coll = PatchCollection(rects, array=z, **kwargs)
    ax.add_collection(coll)
    ax.autoscale()
    return coll

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

如果你想要一个离散的颜色图，最简单的方法是在调用时指定你想要的间隔数plt.get_cmap。例如，在上面的代码中，如果将行替换为cmap = plt.get_cmap('cool')：

cmap = plt.get_cmap('cool', 5)

然后你会得到一个有 5 个间隔的离散颜色图。（或者，您可以传入ListedColormap您在示例中创建的。）

如果你想要一个“全功能”的玫瑰图功能，你可以这样做：

import itertools
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
import numpy as np

def main():
    azi = np.random.normal(20, 30, 100)
    z = np.cos(np.radians(azi + 45))

    plt.figure(figsize=(5,6))
    plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
    coll = rose(azi, z=z, bidirectional=True)
    plt.xticks(np.radians(range(0, 360, 45)), 
               ['N', 'NE', 'E', 'SE', 'S', 'SW', 'W', 'NW'])
    plt.colorbar(coll, orientation='horizontal')
    plt.xlabel('A rose diagram colored by a second variable')
    plt.rgrids(range(5, 20, 5), angle=290)

    plt.show()

def rose(azimuths, z=None, ax=None, bins=30, bidirectional=False, 
         color_by=np.mean, **kwargs):
    """Create a "rose" diagram (a.k.a. circular histogram).  

    Parameters:
    -----------
        azimuths: sequence of numbers
            The observed azimuths in degrees.
        z: sequence of numbers (optional)
            A second, co-located variable to color the plotted rectangles by.
        ax: a matplotlib Axes (optional)
            The axes to plot on. Defaults to the current axes.
        bins: int or sequence of numbers (optional)
            The number of bins or a sequence of bin edges to use.
        bidirectional: boolean (optional)
            Whether or not to treat the observed azimuths as bi-directional
            measurements (i.e. if True, 0 and 180 are identical).
        color_by: function or string (optional)
            A function to reduce the binned z values with. Alternately, if the
            string "count" is passed in, the displayed bars will be colored by
            their y-value (the number of azimuths measurements in that bin).
        Additional keyword arguments are passed on to PatchCollection.

    Returns:
    --------
        A matplotlib PatchCollection
    """
    azimuths = np.asanyarray(azimuths)
    if color_by == 'count':
        z = np.ones_like(azimuths)
        color_by = np.sum
    if ax is None:
        ax = plt.gca()
    ax.set_theta_direction(-1)
    ax.set_theta_offset(np.radians(90))
    if bidirectional:
        other = azimuths + 180
        azimuths = np.concatenate([azimuths, other])
        if z is not None:
            z = np.concatenate([z, z])
    # Convert to 0-360, in case negative or >360 azimuths are passed in.
    azimuths[azimuths > 360] -= 360
    azimuths[azimuths < 0] += 360
    counts, edges = np.histogram(azimuths, range=[0, 360], bins=bins)
    if z is not None:
        idx = np.digitize(azimuths, edges)
        z = np.array([color_by(z[idx == i]) for i in range(1, idx.max() + 1)])
        z = np.ma.masked_invalid(z)
    edges = np.radians(edges)
    coll = colored_bar(edges[:-1], counts, z=z, width=np.diff(edges), 
                       ax=ax, **kwargs)
    return coll

def colored_bar(left, height, z=None, width=0.8, bottom=0, ax=None, **kwargs):
    """A bar plot colored by a scalar sequence."""
    if ax is None:
        ax = plt.gca()
    width = itertools.cycle(np.atleast_1d(width))
    bottom = itertools.cycle(np.atleast_1d(bottom))
    rects = []
    for x, y, h, w in zip(left, bottom, height, width):
        rects.append(Rectangle((x,y), w, h))
    coll = PatchCollection(rects, array=z, **kwargs)
    ax.add_collection(coll)
    ax.autoscale()
    return coll

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()