State whether the following functions are well-defined. If they are, then give the Domain, Co-domain and Range and state whether the functions are one-to-one and/or onto and give your reasoning. If they are not well defined, then explain why not.
a) f: J → J, f(x) = 3x + 1
b) g: N → N, g(x) = x2 – 1
c) h: N → R, h(x) = +x
d) j: {words} → {letters}, j(x) = initial letter of x
I will appreciate if someone gives correct answers to each part. Thanks