这个问题有两种方法:
- 导出一个辅助函数,因为
Hello.storeFile
它接受boost::python::str
、std::vector<unsigned char>
从字符串构造并委托给 C++Hello::storeFile
成员函数。
- 编写自定义转换器。虽然转换器不能在每个函数的基础上注册,但它们的范围相当好,不会执行任何意外的转换。这种方法通常提供更多的可重用性。
辅助函数
使用辅助函数不会影响任何其他导出的函数。因此,python 字符串和之间的转换std::vector<unsigned char>
只会发生在Hello.storeFile
.
void Hello_storeFile(Hello& self, boost::python::str str)
{
std::cout << "Hello_storeFile" << std::endl;
// Obtain a handle to the string.
const char* begin = PyString_AsString(str.ptr());
// Delegate to Hello::storeFile().
self.storeFile(std::vector<unsigned char>(begin, begin + len(str)));
}
...
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
python::class_<Hello>("Hello")
// This method takes a string as parameter and print it
.def("printChar", &Hello::printChar)
// This method takes a vector<unsigned char> parameter
.def("storeFile", &Hello_storeFile)
;
}
自定义转换器
转换器注册包含三个部分:
- 检查 a
PyObject
是否可转换的函数。返回NULL
表示PyObject
不能使用已注册的转换器。
- 一个构造函数,它从
PyObject
. converter(PyObject)
只有在不返回时才会调用此函数NULL
。
- 将被构造的 C++ 类型。
因此,对于给定的 C++ 类型,如果converter(PyObject)
返回非NULL
值,construct(PyObject)
则将创建 C++ 类型。C++ 类型用作注册表的键,因此 Boost.Python 不应执行意外转换。
在这个问题的上下文中,我们想要一个转换器,用于返回非if的std::vector<unsigned char>
地方,并将用于创建和填充。仅当导出的 C++ 函数具有(或 const 引用)参数并且从 python 提供的参数是字符串时,才会发生这种转换。因此,此自定义转换器不会影响具有参数的导出函数。converter(PyObject)
NULL
PyObject
PyString
converter(PyObject)
PyObject
std::vector<unsigned char>
std::vector<unsigned char>
std::string
这是一个完整的例子。我选择使转换器通用,以允许从 python 字符串构造多种类型。借助它的链接支持,它应该与其他 Boost.Python 类型具有相同的感觉。
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
class Hello
{
public:
void printChar(const std::string& str)
{
std::cout << "printChar: " << str << std::endl;
}
void storeFile(const std::vector<unsigned char>& data)
{
std::cout << "storeFile: " << data.size() << ": ";
BOOST_FOREACH(const unsigned char& c, data)
std::cout << c;
std::cout << std::endl;
}
};
/// @brief Type that allows for conversions of python strings to
// vectors.
struct pystring_converter
{
/// @note Registers converter from a python interable type to the
/// provided type.
template <typename Container>
pystring_converter&
from_python()
{
boost::python::converter::registry::push_back(
&pystring_converter::convertible,
&pystring_converter::construct<Container>,
boost::python::type_id<Container>());
return *this;
}
/// @brief Check if PyObject is a string.
static void* convertible(PyObject* object)
{
return PyString_Check(object) ? object : NULL;
}
/// @brief Convert PyString to Container.
///
/// Container Concept requirements:
///
/// * Container::value_type is CopyConstructable from char.
/// * Container can be constructed and populated with two iterators.
/// I.e. Container(begin, end)
template <typename Container>
static void construct(
PyObject* object,
boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data* data)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
// Object is a borrowed reference, so create a handle indicting it is
// borrowed for proper reference counting.
python::handle<> handle(python::borrowed(object));
// Obtain a handle to the memory block that the converter has allocated
// for the C++ type.
typedef python::converter::rvalue_from_python_storage<Container>
storage_type;
void* storage = reinterpret_cast<storage_type*>(data)->storage.bytes;
// Allocate the C++ type into the converter's memory block, and assign
// its handle to the converter's convertible variable. The C++
// container is populated by passing the begin and end iterators of
// the python object to the container's constructor.
const char* begin = PyString_AsString(object);
data->convertible = new (storage) Container(
begin, // begin
begin + PyString_Size(object)); // end
}
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
// Register PyString conversions.
pystring_converter()
.from_python<std::vector<unsigned char> >()
.from_python<std::list<char> >()
;
python::class_<Hello>("Hello")
// This method takes a string as parameter and print it
.def("printChar", &Hello::printChar)
// This method takes a vector<unsigned char> parameter
.def("storeFile", &Hello::storeFile)
;
}
以及示例用法:
>>> from hello import Hello
>>> h = Hello()
>>> h.printChar('abc')
printChar: abc
>>> h.storeFile('def')
storeFile: 3: def
>>> h.storeFile([c for c in 'def'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
Boost.Python.ArgumentError: Python argument types in
Hello.storeFile(Hello, list)
did not match C++ signature:
storeFile(Hello {lvalue}, std::vector<unsigned char,
std::allocator<unsigned char> >)
有关自定义转换器和 C++ 容器的更多信息,请考虑阅读此答案。