I'm trying to compute an approximation of the epsilon value for the float
type (and I know it's already in the standard library).
The epsilon values on this machine are (printed with some approximation):
FLT_EPSILON = 1.192093e-07
DBL_EPSILON = 2.220446e-16
LDBL_EPSILON = 1.084202e-19
FLT_EVAL_METHOD
is 2
so everything is done in long double
precision, and float
, double
and long double
are 32, 64 and 96 bit.
I tried to get an approximation of the value starting from 1 and dividing it by 2 until it becomes too small, doing all operation with the float
type:
# include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
float floatEps = 1;
while (1 + floatEps / 2 != 1)
floatEps /= 2;
printf("float eps = %e\n", floatEps);
}
The output is not what I was looking for:
float epsilon = 1.084202e-19
Intermediate operations are done with the greatest precision (due to the value of FLT_EVAL_METHOD
), so this result seems legit.
However, this:
// 2.0 is a double literal
while ((float) (1 + floatEps / 2.0) != 1)
floatEps /= 2;
gives this output, which is the right one:
float epsilon = 1.192093e-07
but this one:
// no double literals
while ((float) (1 + floatEps / 2) != 1)
floatEps /= 2;
leads again to a wrong result, as the first one:
float epsilon = 1.084202e-19
These last two versions should be equivalent on this platform, is this a compiler bug? If not, what's happening?
Code is compiled with:
gcc -O0 -std=c99 -pedantic file.c
The gcc version is pretty old, but I'm at university and I can't update it:
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i486-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 4.4.5-8'
--with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs
--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.4
--enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix
--with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-objc-gc
--enable-targets=all --with-arch-32=i586 --with-tune=generic
--enable-checking=release --build=i486-linux-gnu --host=i486-linux-gnu
--target=i486-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.5 (Debian 4.4.5-8)
Current version of gcc, 4.7, behaves correctly on my home computer. There are also comments saying that different versions give different results.
After some answers and comments, that clarified what is behaving as expected and what's not, I changed the question a little to make it clearer.