312

我已经阅读了 MS 数据透视表上的内容,但我仍然无法正确解决这个问题。

我有一个正在创建的临时表,我们会说第 1 列是商店编号,第 2 列是周数,最后第 3 列是某种类型的总数。周数也是动态的,商店数是静态的。

Store      Week     xCount
-------    ----     ------
102        1        96
101        1        138
105        1        37
109        1        59
101        2        282
102        2        212
105        2        78
109        2        97
105        3        60
102        3        123
101        3        220
109        3        87

我希望它以数据透视表的形式出现,如下所示:

Store        1          2          3        4        5        6....
----- 
101        138        282        220
102         96        212        123
105         37        
109

将数字存储在侧面,将数周存储在顶部。

4

9 回答 9

386

如果您使用的是 SQL Server 2005+,那么您可以使用该PIVOT函数将数据从行转换为列。

如果周数未知,听起来您将需要使用动态 sql,但最初使用硬编码版本更容易看到正确的代码。

首先,这里有一些快速的表定义和数据供使用:

CREATE TABLE yt 
(
  [Store] int, 
  [Week] int, 
  [xCount] int
);
    
INSERT INTO yt
(
  [Store], 
  [Week], [xCount]
)
VALUES
    (102, 1, 96),
    (101, 1, 138),
    (105, 1, 37),
    (109, 1, 59),
    (101, 2, 282),
    (102, 2, 212),
    (105, 2, 78),
    (109, 2, 97),
    (105, 3, 60),
    (102, 3, 123),
    (101, 3, 220),
    (109, 3, 87);

如果您的值是已知的,那么您将对查询进行硬编码:

select *
from 
(
  select store, week, xCount
  from yt 
) src
pivot
(
  sum(xcount)
  for week in ([1], [2], [3])
) piv;

查看SQL 演示

然后,如果您需要动态生成周数,您的代码将是:

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Week) 
                    from yt
                    group by Week
                    order by Week
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = 'SELECT store,' + @cols + ' from 
             (
                select store, week, xCount
                from yt
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                sum(xCount)
                for week in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute(@query);

请参阅SQL 演示

动态版本生成week应转换为列的数字列表。两者都给出相同的结果:

| STORE |   1 |   2 |   3 |
---------------------------
|   101 | 138 | 282 | 220 |
|   102 |  96 | 212 | 123 |
|   105 |  37 |  78 |  60 |
|   109 |  59 |  97 |  87 |
于 2013-04-10T16:44:22.623 回答
29

这是动态的 # 周。

此处的完整示例:SQL Dynamic Pivot

DECLARE @DynamicPivotQuery AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @ColumnName AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

--Get distinct values of the PIVOT Column 
SELECT @ColumnName= ISNULL(@ColumnName + ',','') + QUOTENAME(Week)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Week FROM #StoreSales) AS Weeks

--Prepare the PIVOT query using the dynamic 
SET @DynamicPivotQuery = 
  N'SELECT Store, ' + @ColumnName + ' 
    FROM #StoreSales
    PIVOT(SUM(xCount) 
          FOR Week IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS PVTTable'
--Execute the Dynamic Pivot Query
EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicPivotQuery
于 2014-12-17T18:43:13.673 回答
17

我之前通过使用子查询实现了同样的事情。因此,如果您的原始表名为 StoreCountsByWeek,并且您有一个单独的表列出了商店 ID,那么它将如下所示:

SELECT StoreID, 
    Week1=(SELECT ISNULL(SUM(xCount),0) FROM StoreCountsByWeek WHERE StoreCountsByWeek.StoreID=Store.StoreID AND Week=1),
    Week2=(SELECT ISNULL(SUM(xCount),0) FROM StoreCountsByWeek WHERE StoreCountsByWeek.StoreID=Store.StoreID AND Week=2),
    Week3=(SELECT ISNULL(SUM(xCount),0) FROM StoreCountsByWeek WHERE StoreCountsByWeek.StoreID=Store.StoreID AND Week=3)
FROM Store
ORDER BY StoreID

这种方法的一个优点是语法更清晰,并且可以更轻松地连接到其他表以将其他字段也拉入结果中。

我的轶事结果是,在不到一秒的时间内完成了对几千行运行此查询,而我实际上有 7 个子查询。但正如评论中所指出的,这样做的计算成本更高,因此如果您希望它在大量数据上运行,请谨慎使用此方法。

于 2016-02-03T19:16:58.143 回答
11

这是你可以做的:

SELECT * 
FROM yourTable
PIVOT (MAX(xCount) 
       FOR Week in ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7])) AS pvt

演示

于 2013-04-10T16:46:20.600 回答
7

我正在编写一个可能对此有用的 sp,基本上这个 sp 旋转任何表并返回一个旋转的新表或只返回一组数据,这是执行它的方式:

Exec dbo.rs_pivot_table @schema=dbo,@table=table_name,@column=column_to_pivot,@agg='sum([column_to_agg]),avg([another_column_to_agg]),',
        @sel_cols='column_to_select1,column_to_select2,column_to_select1',@new_table=returned_table_pivoted;

请注意,在参数@agg 中,列名必须是 with'['并且参数必须以逗号结尾','

SP

Create Procedure [dbo].[rs_pivot_table]
    @schema sysname=dbo,
    @table sysname,
    @column sysname,
    @agg nvarchar(max),
    @sel_cols varchar(max),
    @new_table sysname,
    @add_to_col_name sysname=null
As
--Exec dbo.rs_pivot_table dbo,##TEMPORAL1,tip_liq,'sum([val_liq]),sum([can_liq]),','cod_emp,cod_con,tip_liq',##TEMPORAL1PVT,'hola';
Begin

    Declare @query varchar(max)='';
    Declare @aggDet varchar(100);
    Declare @opp_agg varchar(5);
    Declare @col_agg varchar(100);
    Declare @pivot_col sysname;
    Declare @query_col_pvt varchar(max)='';
    Declare @full_query_pivot varchar(max)='';
    Declare @ind_tmpTbl int; --Indicador de tabla temporal 1=tabla temporal global 0=Tabla fisica

    Create Table #pvt_column(
        pivot_col varchar(100)
    );

    Declare @column_agg table(
        opp_agg varchar(5),
        col_agg varchar(100)
    );

    IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(@table) AND type in (N'U'))
        Set @ind_tmpTbl=0;
    ELSE IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..'+ltrim(rtrim(@table))) IS NOT NULL
        Set @ind_tmpTbl=1;

    IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(@new_table) AND type in (N'U')) OR 
        OBJECT_ID('tempdb..'+ltrim(rtrim(@new_table))) IS NOT NULL
    Begin
        Set @query='DROP TABLE '+@new_table+'';
        Exec (@query);
    End;

    Select @query='Select distinct '+@column+' From '+(case when @ind_tmpTbl=1 then 'tempdb.' else '' end)+@schema+'.'+@table+' where '+@column+' is not null;';
    Print @query;

    Insert into #pvt_column(pivot_col)
    Exec (@query)

    While charindex(',',@agg,1)>0
    Begin
        Select @aggDet=Substring(@agg,1,charindex(',',@agg,1)-1);

        Insert Into @column_agg(opp_agg,col_agg)
        Values(substring(@aggDet,1,charindex('(',@aggDet,1)-1),ltrim(rtrim(replace(substring(@aggDet,charindex('[',@aggDet,1),charindex(']',@aggDet,1)-4),')',''))));

        Set @agg=Substring(@agg,charindex(',',@agg,1)+1,len(@agg))

    End

    Declare cur_agg cursor read_only forward_only local static for
    Select 
        opp_agg,col_agg
    from @column_agg;

    Open cur_agg;

    Fetch Next From cur_agg
    Into @opp_agg,@col_agg;

    While @@fetch_status=0
    Begin

        Declare cur_col cursor read_only forward_only local static for
        Select 
            pivot_col 
        From #pvt_column;

        Open cur_col;

        Fetch Next From cur_col
        Into @pivot_col;

        While @@fetch_status=0
        Begin

            Select @query_col_pvt='isnull('+@opp_agg+'(case when '+@column+'='+quotename(@pivot_col,char(39))+' then '+@col_agg+
            ' else null end),0) as ['+lower(Replace(Replace(@opp_agg+'_'+convert(varchar(100),@pivot_col)+'_'+replace(replace(@col_agg,'[',''),']',''),' ',''),'&',''))+
                (case when @add_to_col_name is null then space(0) else '_'+isnull(ltrim(rtrim(@add_to_col_name)),'') end)+']'
            print @query_col_pvt
            Select @full_query_pivot=@full_query_pivot+@query_col_pvt+', '

            --print @full_query_pivot

            Fetch Next From cur_col
            Into @pivot_col;        

        End     

        Close cur_col;
        Deallocate cur_col;

        Fetch Next From cur_agg
        Into @opp_agg,@col_agg; 
    End

    Close cur_agg;
    Deallocate cur_agg;

    Select @full_query_pivot=substring(@full_query_pivot,1,len(@full_query_pivot)-1);

    Select @query='Select '+@sel_cols+','+@full_query_pivot+' into '+@new_table+' From '+(case when @ind_tmpTbl=1 then 'tempdb.' else '' end)+
    @schema+'.'+@table+' Group by '+@sel_cols+';';

    print @query;
    Exec (@query);

End;
GO

这是一个执行示例:

Exec dbo.rs_pivot_table @schema=dbo,@table=##TEMPORAL1,@column=tip_liq,@agg='sum([val_liq]),avg([can_liq]),',@sel_cols='cod_emp,cod_con,tip_liq',@new_table=##TEMPORAL1PVT;

然后Select * From ##TEMPORAL1PVT会返回:

在此处输入图像描述

于 2017-10-30T14:35:41.823 回答
5

这是上面@Tayrn 答案的修订版,可以帮助您更轻松地理解旋转:

这可能不是做到这一点的最佳方式,但这正是帮助我了解如何透视表的原因。

ID = 您要旋转的行

MY_KEY = 您从原始表中选择的列,其中包含要转换的列名。

VAL = 您希望在每列下返回的值。

MAX(VAL) => 可以替换为其他聚合函数。总和(VAL),MIN(VAL),等等...

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(MY_KEY) 
                from yt
                group by MY_KEY
                order by MY_KEY ASC
        FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
        ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
    ,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT ID,' + @cols + ' from 
         (
            select ID, MY_KEY, VAL 
            from yt
        ) x
        pivot 
        (
            sum(VAL)
            for MY_KEY in (' + @cols + ')
        ) p '

        execute(@query);
于 2018-04-19T21:01:34.153 回答
4
select * from (select name, ID from Empoyee) Visits
    pivot(sum(ID) for name
    in ([Emp1],
    [Emp2],
    [Emp3]
    ) ) as pivottable;
于 2016-11-28T13:53:22.637 回答
2

只是让您了解其他数据库如何解决此问题。DolphinDB还具有对旋转的内置支持,并且 sql 看起来更加直观和整洁。它就像指定键列 ( Store)、透视列 ( Week) 和计算指标 ( sum(xCount)) 一样简单。

//prepare a 10-million-row table
n=10000000
t=table(rand(100, n) + 1 as Store, rand(54, n) + 1 as Week, rand(100, n) + 1 as xCount)

//use pivot clause to generate a pivoted table pivot_t
pivot_t = select sum(xCount) from t pivot by Store, Week

DolphinDB 是一个柱状高性能数据库。在戴尔 xps 笔记本电脑 (i7 cpu) 上,演示中的计算成本低至 546 毫秒。欲了解更多详情,请参考在线 DolphinDB 手册https://www.dolphindb.com/help/index.html?pivotby.html

于 2019-05-11T01:18:52.290 回答
0

Pivot 是 SQL 运算符之一,用于将输出中的唯一数据从一列转换为多列。这也意味着将行转换为列(旋转表)。让我们考虑这张表,

在此处输入图像描述

如果我想根据每个客户的产品类型(扬声器、玻璃、耳机)过滤此数据,请使用 Pivot 运算符。

Select CustmerName, Speaker, Glass, Headset  
from TblCustomer  
   Pivot  
    (  
     Sum(Price) for Product in ([Speaker],[Glass],[Headset])  
    ) as PivotTable 

在此处输入图像描述

于 2021-11-16T11:23:14.480 回答