我有一个项目,我需要一个查询来使用表名获取列的所有属性(列名、位置、数据类型、Not Null?和评论)。
我实现了获取列名、位置数据类型和 Not Null?使用此查询:
SELECT column_name, data_type, ordinal_position, is_nullable
FROM information_schema."columns"
WHERE "table_name"='TABLE-NAME'
但是,我需要评论!
我有一个项目,我需要一个查询来使用表名获取列的所有属性(列名、位置、数据类型、Not Null?和评论)。
我实现了获取列名、位置数据类型和 Not Null?使用此查询:
SELECT column_name, data_type, ordinal_position, is_nullable
FROM information_schema."columns"
WHERE "table_name"='TABLE-NAME'
但是,我需要评论!
这是针对系统目录的查询,它应该获取您需要的所有内容(免费提供一个额外的主键字段)。
SELECT DISTINCT
a.attnum as num,
a.attname as name,
format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as typ,
a.attnotnull as notnull,
com.description as comment,
coalesce(i.indisprimary,false) as primary_key,
def.adsrc as default
FROM pg_attribute a
JOIN pg_class pgc ON pgc.oid = a.attrelid
LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON
(pgc.oid = i.indrelid AND i.indkey[0] = a.attnum)
LEFT JOIN pg_description com on
(pgc.oid = com.objoid AND a.attnum = com.objsubid)
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef def ON
(a.attrelid = def.adrelid AND a.attnum = def.adnum)
WHERE a.attnum > 0 AND pgc.oid = a.attrelid
AND pg_table_is_visible(pgc.oid)
AND NOT a.attisdropped
AND pgc.relname = 'TABLE_NAME' -- Your table name here
ORDER BY a.attnum;
这将返回如下结果:
num | name | typ | notnull | comment | primary_key
-----+-------------+-----------------------------+---------+---------------------+-------------
1 | id | integer | t | a primary key thing | t
2 | ref | text | f | | f
3 | created | timestamp without time zone | t | | f
4 | modified | timestamp without time zone | t | | f
5 | name | text | t | | f
NOT NULL
COMMENT
为列定义的任何内容PRIMARY KEY
建立在@Chris 的答案之上:
SELECT a.attnum
,a.attname AS name
,format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS typ
,a.attnotnull AS notnull
,coalesce(p.indisprimary, FALSE) AS primary_key
,f.adsrc AS default_val
,d.description AS col_comment
FROM pg_attribute a
LEFT JOIN pg_index p ON p.indrelid = a.attrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(p.indkey)
LEFT JOIN pg_description d ON d.objoid = a.attrelid AND d.objsubid = a.attnum
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef f ON f.adrelid = a.attrelid AND f.adnum = a.attnum
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
AND a.attrelid = 'schema.tbl'::regclass -- table may be schema-qualified
ORDER BY a.attnum;
但:
表名在数据库中不是唯一的,因此在系统目录中也不是唯一的。您可能必须对名称进行模式限定。作为条件
使用。a.attrelid = 'tbl'::regclass
这样,您可以myschema.mytbl
作为名称传递并消除歧义。那么在这种情况下根本不需要加入pg_class
。
此外,会自动检查可见性,regclass
不需要pg_table_is_visible()
.
一个主键可以跨越多个列。我通过加入pg_index
on来解决这个问题a.attnum = ANY(p.indkey)
。
indkey
是 的类型int2vecor
,是 的特例int2[]
,仅在目录中使用。
我发现psql -E
对这类问题很有帮助。
像这样的专门查询可能会在主要版本更新后中断。Postgres 不保证目录表保持稳定。基本元素改变的可能性极小,但是查询越复杂和专业,机会就越大。您可以改用信息模式,它是标准化的,但也相对较慢。
我认为你可以使用这个:
select ordinal_position AS num, column_name as name, data_type as typ, character_maximum_length as lenth,
is_nullable as nullable, column_default as default
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE table_catalog='DatabaseName' AND table_name='TableName'