16

我正在尝试使用 NLTK 和 pandas 创建一个术语文档矩阵。我写了以下函数：

def fnDTM_Corpus(xCorpus):
    import pandas as pd
    '''to create a Term Document Matrix from a NLTK Corpus'''
    fd_list = []
    for x in range(0, len(xCorpus.fileids())):
        fd_list.append(nltk.FreqDist(xCorpus.words(xCorpus.fileids()[x])))
    DTM = pd.DataFrame(fd_list, index = xCorpus.fileids())
    DTM.fillna(0,inplace = True)
    return DTM.T

运行它

import nltk
from nltk.corpus import PlaintextCorpusReader
corpus_root = 'C:/Data/'

newcorpus = PlaintextCorpusReader(corpus_root, '.*')

x = fnDTM_Corpus(newcorpus)

它适用于语料库中的几个小文件，但是 当我尝试使用包含 4,000 个文件（每个大约 2 kb）的语料库运行它时，它给了我一个MemoryError 。

我错过了什么吗？

我正在使用 32 位 python。（我在 Windows 7、64 位操作系统、Core Quad CPU、8 GB RAM 上）。我真的需要为这种大小的语料库使用 64 位吗？

4

3 回答 3

36

我知道 OP 想在 NLTK 中创建一个 tdm，但是textmining包 ( pip install textmining) 让它变得非常简单：

import textmining
    
# Create some very short sample documents
doc1 = 'John and Bob are brothers.'
doc2 = 'John went to the store. The store was closed.'
doc3 = 'Bob went to the store too.'

# Initialize class to create term-document matrix
tdm = textmining.TermDocumentMatrix()

# Add the documents
tdm.add_doc(doc1)
tdm.add_doc(doc2)
tdm.add_doc(doc3)

# Write matrix file -- cutoff=1 means words in 1+ documents are retained
tdm.write_csv('matrix.csv', cutoff=1)

# Instead of writing the matrix, access its rows directly
for row in tdm.rows(cutoff=1):
    print row

输出：

['and', 'the', 'brothers', 'to', 'are', 'closed', 'bob', 'john', 'was', 'went', 'store', 'too']
[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
[0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0]
[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]

或者，可以使用 pandas 和 sklearn [来源]：

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer

docs = ['why hello there', 'omg hello pony', 'she went there? omg']
vec = CountVectorizer()
X = vec.fit_transform(docs)
df = pd.DataFrame(X.toarray(), columns=vec.get_feature_names())
print(df)

输出：

   hello  omg  pony  she  there  went  why
0      1    0     0    0      1     0    1
1      1    1     1    0      0     0    0
2      0    1     0    1      1     1    0
于 2015-02-25T18:43:07.847 回答
20

感谢 Radim 和 Larsmans。我的目标是拥有一个像您在 R tm 中获得的 DTM。我决定使用 scikit-learn，部分灵感来自这篇博文。这是我想出的代码。

我在这里发布它，希望其他人会发现它有用。 

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer 

def fn_tdm_df(docs, xColNames = None, **kwargs):
    ''' create a term document matrix as pandas DataFrame
    with **kwargs you can pass arguments of CountVectorizer
    if xColNames is given the dataframe gets columns Names'''

    #initialize the  vectorizer
    vectorizer = CountVectorizer(**kwargs)
    x1 = vectorizer.fit_transform(docs)
    #create dataFrame
    df = pd.DataFrame(x1.toarray().transpose(), index = vectorizer.get_feature_names())
    if xColNames is not None:
        df.columns = xColNames

    return df

在目录中的文本列表上使用它

DIR = 'C:/Data/'

def fn_CorpusFromDIR(xDIR):
    ''' functions to create corpus from a Directories
    Input: Directory
    Output: A dictionary with 
             Names of files ['ColNames']
             the text in corpus ['docs']'''
    import os
    Res = dict(docs = [open(os.path.join(xDIR,f)).read() for f in os.listdir(xDIR)],
               ColNames = map(lambda x: 'P_' + x[0:6], os.listdir(xDIR)))
    return Res

创建数据框

d1 = fn_tdm_df(docs = fn_CorpusFromDIR(DIR)['docs'],
          xColNames = fn_CorpusFromDIR(DIR)['ColNames'], 
          stop_words=None, charset_error = 'replace')
于 2013-04-10T17:39:39.487 回答
2

使用令牌和数据框的替代方法

import nltk
comment #nltk.download() to get toenize
from urllib import request
url = "http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2554/2554-0.txt"
response = request.urlopen(url)
raw = response.read().decode('utf8')
type(raw)

tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(raw)
type(tokens)

tokens[1:10]
['Project',
 'Gutenberg',
 'EBook',
 'of',
 'Crime',
 'and',
 'Punishment',
 ',',
 'by']

tokens2=pd.DataFrame(tokens)
tokens2.columns=['Words']
tokens2.head()


Words
0   The
1   Project
2   Gutenberg
3   EBook
4   of

    tokens2.Words.value_counts().head()
,                 16178
.                  9589
the                7436
and                6284
to                 5278
于 2017-12-13T04:43:51.330 回答