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我正在尝试在 AWS 上运行 KMeans,但在尝试从 DistributedCache 读取更新的集群质心时遇到了以下异常:

java.io.IOException: The distributed cache object s3://mybucket/centroids_6/part-r-00009 changed during the job from 4/8/13 2:20 PM to 4/8/13 2:20 PM
at org.apache.hadoop.filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager.downloadCacheObject(TrackerDistributedCacheManager.java:401)
at org.apache.hadoop.filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager.localizePublicCacheObject(TrackerDistributedCacheManager.java:475)
at org.apache.hadoop.filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager.getLocalCache(TrackerDistributedCacheManager.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.filecache.TaskDistributedCacheManager.setupCache(TaskDistributedCacheManager.java:182)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$4.run(TaskTracker.java:1246)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1132)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.initializeJob(TaskTracker.java:1237)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker.localizeJob(TaskTracker.java:1152)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker$5.run(TaskTracker.java:2541)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)

这个问题与这个问题不同的是,这个错误间歇性地出现。我已经在较小的数据集上成功运行了相同的代码。此外,当我将质心的数量从 12(在上面的代码中看到)更改为 8 时,它会在迭代 5 而不是 6(您可以在centroids_6上面的名称中看到)失败。

这是运行 KMeans 循环的主驱动程序中的相关 DistributedCache 代码:

    int iteration = 1;
    long changes = 0; 
    do {
        // First, write the previous iteration's centroids to the dist cache.
        Configuration iterConf = new Configuration();
        Path prevIter = new Path(centroidsPath.getParent(),
                String.format("centroids_%s", iteration - 1));
        FileSystem fs = prevIter.getFileSystem(iterConf);
        Path pathPattern = new Path(prevIter, "part-*");
        FileStatus [] list = fs.globStatus(pathPattern);
        for (FileStatus status : list) {
            DistributedCache.addCacheFile(status.getPath().toUri(), iterConf);
        }

        // Now, set up the job.
        Job iterJob = new Job(iterConf);
        iterJob.setJobName("KMeans " + iteration);
        iterJob.setJarByClass(KMeansDriver.class);
        Path nextIter = new Path(centroidsPath.getParent(), 
                String.format("centroids_%s", iteration));
        KMeansDriver.delete(iterConf, nextIter);

        // Set input/output formats.
        iterJob.setInputFormatClass(SequenceFileInputFormat.class);
        iterJob.setOutputFormatClass(SequenceFileOutputFormat.class);

        // Set Mapper, Reducer, Combiner
        iterJob.setMapperClass(KMeansMapper.class);
        iterJob.setCombinerClass(KMeansCombiner.class);
        iterJob.setReducerClass(KMeansReducer.class);

        // Set MR formats.
        iterJob.setMapOutputKeyClass(IntWritable.class);
        iterJob.setMapOutputValueClass(VectorWritable.class);
        iterJob.setOutputKeyClass(IntWritable.class);
        iterJob.setOutputValueClass(VectorWritable.class);

        // Set input/output paths.
        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(iterJob, data);
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(iterJob, nextIter);

        iterJob.setNumReduceTasks(nReducers);

        if (!iterJob.waitForCompletion(true)) {
            System.err.println("ERROR: Iteration " + iteration + " failed!");
            System.exit(1);
        }
        iteration++;
        changes = iterJob.getCounters().findCounter(KMeansDriver.Counter.CONVERGED).getValue();
        iterJob.getCounters().findCounter(KMeansDriver.Counter.CONVERGED).setValue(0);
    } while (changes > 0);

文件将如何修改?我能想到的唯一可能性是,在完成一次迭代时,循环在前一个工作的质心完成写入之前再次开始。但在评论中,我使用 调用作业waitForCompletion(true),因此当循环重新开始时,作业中不应有任何剩余部分正在运行。有任何想法吗?

4

1 回答 1

0

这并不是一个真正的答案,但我确实意识到以我原来的方式使用 DistributedCache 是愚蠢的,而不是直接从 HDFS 读取上一次迭代的结果。我改为在主驱动程序中编写此方法:

public static HashMap<Integer, VectorWritable> readCentroids(Configuration conf, Path path)
        throws IOException {
    HashMap<Integer, VectorWritable> centroids = new HashMap<Integer, VectorWritable>();
    FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(path.toUri(), conf);
    FileStatus [] list = fs.globStatus(new Path(path, "part-*"));
    for (FileStatus status : list) {
        SequenceFile.Reader reader = new SequenceFile.Reader(fs, status.getPath(), conf);
        IntWritable key = null;
        VectorWritable value = null;
        try {
            key = (IntWritable)reader.getKeyClass().newInstance();
            value = (VectorWritable)reader.getValueClass().newInstance();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while (reader.next(key, value)) {
            centroids.put(new Integer(key.get()),
                    new VectorWritable(value.get(), value.getClusterId(), value.getNumInstances()));
        }
        reader.close();
    }
    return centroids;
}

这在每次迭代期间在 Mapper 和 Reducer 的方法中调用setup(),以读取前一次迭代的质心。

protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException {
    Configuration conf = context.getConfiguration();
    Path centroidsPath = new Path(conf.get(KMeansDriver.CENTROIDS));
    centroids = KMeansDriver.readCentroids(conf, centroidsPath);
}

这使我可以在将质心写入 DistributedCache 的原始问题中删除循环中的代码块。我对其进行了测试,它现在可以在大型和小型数据集上运行。

我仍然不知道为什么我收到了我发布的错误(如何更改只读 DistributedCache 中的某些内容?尤其是当我在每次迭代中更改 HDFS 路径时?),但这似乎既可行又是一个更不用说 hack-y 读取质心的方式了。

于 2013-04-10T14:42:22.407 回答