给定以下代码
interface IPerson {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
var persons: { [id: string]: IPerson; } = {
"p1": { firstName: "F1", lastName: "L1" },
"p2": { firstName: "F2" }
};
为什么初始化不被拒绝?毕竟,第二个对象没有“lastName”属性。
给定以下代码
interface IPerson {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
var persons: { [id: string]: IPerson; } = {
"p1": { firstName: "F1", lastName: "L1" },
"p2": { firstName: "F2" }
};
为什么初始化不被拒绝?毕竟,第二个对象没有“lastName”属性。
编辑:这已在最新的 TS 版本中得到修复。引用@Simon_Weaver 对 OP 帖子的评论:
注意:这已被修复(不确定哪个确切的 TS 版本)。正如您所料,我在 VS 中遇到了这些错误:
Index signatures are incompatible. Type '{ firstName: string; }' is not assignable to type 'IPerson'. Property 'lastName' is missing in type '{ firstName: string; }'.
您可以通过在声明和初始化中拆分示例来使用类型化字典,例如:
var persons: { [id: string] : IPerson; } = {};
persons["p1"] = { firstName: "F1", lastName: "L1" };
persons["p2"] = { firstName: "F2" }; // will result in an error
要在打字稿中使用字典对象,您可以使用如下接口:
interface Dictionary<T> {
[Key: string]: T;
}
并且,将其用于您的类属性类型。
export class SearchParameters {
SearchFor: Dictionary<string> = {};
}
使用和初始化这个类,
getUsers(): Observable<any> {
var searchParams = new SearchParameters();
searchParams.SearchFor['userId'] = '1';
searchParams.SearchFor['userName'] = 'xyz';
return this.http.post(searchParams, 'users/search')
.map(res => {
return res;
})
.catch(this.handleError.bind(this));
}
我同意 thomaux 的观点,即初始化类型检查错误是一个 TypeScript 错误。但是,我仍然想找到一种方法,通过正确的类型检查在单个语句中声明和初始化 Dictionary。这个实现更长,但是它增加了额外的功能,比如containsKey(key: string)
和remove(key: string)
方法。我怀疑一旦 0.9 版本中提供了泛型,这可以简化。
首先,我们声明基本 Dictionary 类和接口。索引器需要该接口,因为类无法实现它们。
interface IDictionary {
add(key: string, value: any): void;
remove(key: string): void;
containsKey(key: string): bool;
keys(): string[];
values(): any[];
}
class Dictionary {
_keys: string[] = new string[];
_values: any[] = new any[];
constructor(init: { key: string; value: any; }[]) {
for (var x = 0; x < init.length; x++) {
this[init[x].key] = init[x].value;
this._keys.push(init[x].key);
this._values.push(init[x].value);
}
}
add(key: string, value: any) {
this[key] = value;
this._keys.push(key);
this._values.push(value);
}
remove(key: string) {
var index = this._keys.indexOf(key, 0);
this._keys.splice(index, 1);
this._values.splice(index, 1);
delete this[key];
}
keys(): string[] {
return this._keys;
}
values(): any[] {
return this._values;
}
containsKey(key: string) {
if (typeof this[key] === "undefined") {
return false;
}
return true;
}
toLookup(): IDictionary {
return this;
}
}
现在我们声明 Person 特定类型和 Dictionary/Dictionary 接口。在 PersonDictionary 中,请注意我们如何覆盖values()
并toLookup()
返回正确的类型。
interface IPerson {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
interface IPersonDictionary extends IDictionary {
[index: string]: IPerson;
values(): IPerson[];
}
class PersonDictionary extends Dictionary {
constructor(init: { key: string; value: IPerson; }[]) {
super(init);
}
values(): IPerson[]{
return this._values;
}
toLookup(): IPersonDictionary {
return this;
}
}
这是一个简单的初始化和使用示例:
var persons = new PersonDictionary([
{ key: "p1", value: { firstName: "F1", lastName: "L2" } },
{ key: "p2", value: { firstName: "F2", lastName: "L2" } },
{ key: "p3", value: { firstName: "F3", lastName: "L3" } }
]).toLookup();
alert(persons["p1"].firstName + " " + persons["p1"].lastName);
// alert: F1 L2
persons.remove("p2");
if (!persons.containsKey("p2")) {
alert("Key no longer exists");
// alert: Key no longer exists
}
alert(persons.keys().join(", "));
// alert: p1, p3
Typescript 在您的情况下失败,因为它希望所有字段都存在。使用Record 和 Partial实用程序类型来解决它。
Record<string, Partial<IPerson>>
interface IPerson {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
var persons: Record<string, Partial<IPerson>> = {
"p1": { firstName: "F1", lastName: "L1" },
"p2": { firstName: "F2" }
};
解释。
备用。
如果您希望姓氏可选,您可以附加一个 ? Typescript 会知道它是可选的。
lastName?: string;
https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html
这是受@dmck启发的更通用的字典实现
interface IDictionary<T> {
add(key: string, value: T): void;
remove(key: string): void;
containsKey(key: string): boolean;
keys(): string[];
values(): T[];
}
class Dictionary<T> implements IDictionary<T> {
_keys: string[] = [];
_values: T[] = [];
constructor(init?: { key: string; value: T; }[]) {
if (init) {
for (var x = 0; x < init.length; x++) {
this[init[x].key] = init[x].value;
this._keys.push(init[x].key);
this._values.push(init[x].value);
}
}
}
add(key: string, value: T) {
this[key] = value;
this._keys.push(key);
this._values.push(value);
}
remove(key: string) {
var index = this._keys.indexOf(key, 0);
this._keys.splice(index, 1);
this._values.splice(index, 1);
delete this[key];
}
keys(): string[] {
return this._keys;
}
values(): T[] {
return this._values;
}
containsKey(key: string) {
if (typeof this[key] === "undefined") {
return false;
}
return true;
}
toLookup(): IDictionary<T> {
return this;
}
}
如果您想忽略某个属性,请通过添加问号将其标记为可选:
interface IPerson {
firstName: string;
lastName?: string;
}