将数据从子模式视图传递到父视图控制器的最佳方法是什么?
我的 iPad 应用程序上有一个子模式登录屏幕,我想将用户信息传递回父拆分视图控制器。
我正在考虑使用 NSNotification,但我不确定这是否是将数据传回父级的最简单/最有效的方法。
谢谢!艾伦
将数据从子模式视图传递到父视图控制器的最佳方法是什么?
我的 iPad 应用程序上有一个子模式登录屏幕,我想将用户信息传递回父拆分视图控制器。
我正在考虑使用 NSNotification,但我不确定这是否是将数据传回父级的最简单/最有效的方法。
谢谢!艾伦
我会建议,就像 iPatel 所做的那样,使用委托来解决您的问题。父视图控制器和登录视图控制器之间的关系使这种模式很合适。当一个对象创建另一个对象以履行特定职责时,应该将委托视为一种让创建的对象与创建者通信的方式。选择委托的一个特别令人信服的理由是,如果要完成的任务可能有多个步骤,需要对象之间的高级交互。你可以看看NSURLConnectionDelegate
协议作为一个例子。连接到 URL 是一项复杂的任务,涉及处理响应、满足身份验证挑战、保存下载的数据和处理错误等阶段,连接和委托在连接的生命周期内一起处理这些。
您可能已经注意到,在 Objective-C 中,协议用于实现委托,而无需将创建的对象(在本例中为您的登录视图控制器)与创建它的对象(父视图控制器)紧密耦合。然后,登录视图控制器可以与任何可以接收其协议中定义的消息的对象进行交互,而不是依赖于任何特定的类实现。明天,如果您收到允许任何视图控制器显示登录视图的要求,则登录视图控制器不需要更改。您的其他视图控制器可以实现其委托协议,创建和呈现登录视图,并将自己分配为委托,而登录视图控制器不知道它们的存在。
您在 Stack Overflow 上找到的一些委托示例可能非常令人困惑,并且与内置框架中的示例非常不同。必须仔细选择协议的名称和接口,以及分配给每个对象的职责,以便最大限度地重用代码,达到代码的目的。
您应该首先查看内置框架中的许多委托协议,以了解在代码中表达的关系是什么样的。这是另一个基于您的登录用例的小示例。我希望你会发现委托的目的是明确的,所涉及的对象的角色和职责是明确的,并通过它们在代码中的名称来表达。
首先,我们看一下 LoginViewController 的委托协议:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@protocol LoginViewControllerDelegate;
@interface LoginViewController : UIViewController
// We choose a name here that expresses what object is doing the delegating
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<LoginViewControllerDelegate> delegate;
@end
@protocol LoginViewControllerDelegate <NSObject>
// The methods declared here are all optional
@optional
// We name the methods here in a way that explains what the purpose of each message is
// Each takes a LoginViewController as the first argument, allowing one object to serve
// as the delegate of many LoginViewControllers
- (void)loginViewControllerDidLoginSuccessfully:(LoginViewController *)lvc;
- (void)loginViewController:(LoginViewController *)lvc didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;
- (void)loginViewControllerDidReceivePasswordResetRequest:(LoginViewController *)lvc;
- (void)loginViewControllerDiDReceiveSignupRequest:(LoginViewController *)lvc;
- (BOOL)loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:(LoginViewController *)lvc;
@end
登录控制器可以将许多事件传递给它的委托,以及向它的委托询问用于定制其行为的信息。它在其实现中将事件传达给委托,作为其对用户操作的响应的一部分:
#import "LoginViewController.h"
@interface LoginViewController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *anonSigninButton;
@end
@implementation LoginViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Here we ask the delegate for information used to layout the view
BOOL anonymousLoginAllowed = NO;
// All our protocol methods are @optional, so we must check they are actually implemented before calling.
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:)]) {
// self is passed as the LoginViewController argument to the delegate methods
// in this way our delegate can serve as the delegate of multiple login view controllers, if needed
anonymousLoginAllowed = [self.delegate loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:self];
}
self.anonSigninButton.hidden = !anonymousLoginAllowed;
}
- (IBAction)loginButtonAction:(UIButton *)sender
{
// We're preteneding our password is always bad. So we assume login succeeds when allowed anonmously
BOOL loginSuccess = [self isAnonymousLoginEnabled];
NSError *loginError = [self isAnonymousLoginEnabled] ? nil : [NSError errorWithDomain:@"domain" code:0 userInfo:nil];
// Fake concurrency
double delayInSeconds = 1.0;
dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC));
dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
// Notify delegate of failure or success
if (loginSuccess) {
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewControllerDidLoginSuccessfully:)]) {
[self.delegate loginViewControllerDidLoginSuccessfully:self];
}
}
else {
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewController:didFailWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate loginViewController:self didFailWithError:loginError];
}
}
});
}
- (IBAction)forgotPasswordButtonAction:(id)sender
{
// Notify delegate to handle forgotten password request.
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewControllerDidReceivePasswordResetRequest:)]) {
[self.delegate loginViewControllerDidReceivePasswordResetRequest:self];
}
}
- (IBAction)signupButtonAction:(id)sender
{
// Notify delegate to handle signup request.
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewControllerDiDReceiveSignupRequest:)]) {
[self.delegate loginViewControllerDiDReceiveSignupRequest:self];
}
}
- (BOOL)isAnonymousLoginEnabled
{
BOOL anonymousLoginAllowed = NO;
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:)]) {
anonymousLoginAllowed = [self.delegate loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:self];
}
return anonymousLoginAllowed;
}
@end
主视图控制器实例化并呈现一个登录视图控制器,并处理其委托消息:
#import "MainViewController.h"
#import "LoginViewController.h"
#define LOGGED_IN NO
@interface MainViewController () <LoginViewControllerDelegate>
@end
@implementation MainViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Fake loading time to show the modal cleanly
if (!LOGGED_IN) {
double delayInSeconds = 1.0;
dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC));
dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
// Create a login view controller, assign its delegate, and present it
LoginViewController *lvc = [[LoginViewController alloc] init];
lvc.delegate = self;
[self presentViewController:lvc animated:YES completion:^{
NSLog(@"modal completion finished.");
}];
});
}
}
#pragma mark - LoginViewControllerDelegate
- (void)loginViewControllerDidLoginSuccessfully:(LoginViewController *)lvc
{
NSLog(@"Login VC delegate - Login success!");
[self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:NULL];
}
- (void)loginViewController:(LoginViewController *)lvc didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
// Maybe show an alert...
// UIAlertView *alert = ...
}
- (void)loginViewControllerDidReceivePasswordResetRequest:(LoginViewController *)lvc
{
// Take the user to safari to reset password maybe
NSLog(@"Login VC delegate - password reset!");
}
- (void)loginViewControllerDiDReceiveSignupRequest:(LoginViewController *)lvc
{
// Take the user to safari to open signup form maybe
NSLog(@"Login VC delegate - signup requested!");
}
- (BOOL)loginViewControllerShouldAllowAnonymousLogin:(LoginViewController *)lvc
{
return YES;
}
@end
在某些方面,登录可能是一个复杂的交互式过程,因此我建议您认真考虑使用委托而不是通知。但是,可能有问题的一件事是委托必须只是一个对象。如果您需要让多个不同的对象知道登录视图控制器的进度和状态,那么您可能需要使用通知。尤其是如果登录过程可以被限制为非常简单,以一种除了传递单向消息和数据之外不需要任何交互的方式,那么通知可以成为一种可行的选择。您可以在通知中将任意变量传递回属性内,该userInfo
属性是NSDictionary
无论你决定往里面塞什么。通知会影响性能,但我知道现在只有当观察者人数达到数百人时才会发生这种情况。尽管如此,这在我看来并不是最自然的,因为您有父对象(或多或少控制子对象的生命周期)向第三方对象询问子对象的更新。
您可以使用Protocol获得它,这是最好的方式。
我将为您提供有关如何创建协议的基本思想
另外,请阅读这个问题: 如何在 Objective-C 中创建委托?
以下代码为您提供了协议的基本概念,在下面的代码中,您可以从MasterViewController
to获取 Button 标题DetailViewController
。
#DetailViewController.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@protocol MasterDelegate <NSObject>
-(void) getButtonTitile:(NSString *)btnTitle;
@end
@interface DetailViewController : MasterViewController
@property (nonatomic, assign) id<MasterDelegate> customDelegate;
#DetailViewController.m
if([self.customDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(getButtonTitile:)])
{
[self.customDelegate getButtonTitile:button.currentTitle];
}
#MasterViewController.m
create obj of DetailViewController
DetailViewController *obj = [[DetailViewController alloc] init];
obj.customDelegate = self;
[self.navigationController pushViewController:reportTypeVC animated:YES];
and add delegate method in MasterViewController.m for get button title.
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark - Custom Delegate Method
-(void) getButtonTitile:(NSString *)btnTitle;
{
NSLog(@"%@", btnTitle);
}