我正在学习如何在 Maven 中运行 Selenium 集成测试。我已经使用 Cargo 配置了 Selenium 和 Tomcat Maven 插件。这是我的 pom.xml 文件：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
<artifactId>SeleniumTest</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>SeleniumTest</name>
<properties>
<endorsed.dir>${project.build.directory}/endorsed</endorsed.dir>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc-struts</artifactId>
<version>2.5.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.31.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>SeleniumTest</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<type>war</type>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<testSourceDirectory>src/main/java/test/integrationTests</testSourceDirectory>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<compilerArguments>
<endorseddirs>${endorsed.dir}</endorseddirs>
</compilerArguments>
<suiteXmlFiles>
<suiteXmlFile>src/main/java/test/integrationTests/testng.xml</suiteXmlFile>
</suiteXmlFiles>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>validate</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${endorsed.dir}</outputDirectory>
<silent>true</silent>
<artifactItems>
<artifactItem>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-endorsed-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0</version>
<type>jar</type>
</artifactItem>
</artifactItems>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.14</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-test</id>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>surefire-it</id>
<phase>integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<skipTests>false</skipTests>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
<configuration>
<wait>true</wait>
<container>
<containerId>tomcat7x</containerId>
<type>installed</type>
<home>D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache Tomcat 7.0.27</home>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>existing</type>
<home>D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache Tomcat 7.0.27</home>
</configuration>
<deployables>
<deployable>
<pingURL>http://localhost:8080/SeleniumTest</pingURL>
<pingTimeout>300000</pingTimeout>
</deployable>
</deployables>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>start-container</id>
<phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>start</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>stop-container</id>
<phase>post-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>stop</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
当我说Build时，这些是 Netbeans 的日志：
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building SeleniumTest 1.0-SNAPSHOT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[dependency:copy]
[resources:resources]
[debug] execute contextualize
Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
Copying 0 resource
[compiler:compile]
Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[resources:testResources]
[debug] execute contextualize
Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\src\test\resources
[compiler:testCompile]
Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\target\test-classes
[compiler:testCompile]
Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\target\test-classes
[surefire:test]
Tests are skipped.
[war:war]
Packaging webapp
Assembling webapp [SeleniumTest] in [C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\target\SeleniumTest-1.0-SNAPSHOT]
Processing war project
Copying webapp resources [C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\src\main\webapp]
Webapp assembled in [454 msecs]
Building war: C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\target\SeleniumTest-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war
[surefire:test]
Surefire report directory: C:\Users\Colenso\Documents\NetBeansProjects\SeleniumTest\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running test.integrationTests.SimpleTest
Configuring TestNG with: TestNG652Configurator
如您所见，它只是构建 .war 文件，既没有启动我的 tomcat 容器，也没有在其上部署 .war 文件。如果我说在 Netbeans 中运行，我可以看到 Tomcat 正在启动并且我的应用程序正在运行。但是，集成测试尚未完成。