这种类型的转换称为枢轴。您没有指定您使用的数据库，因此我将为 SQL Server 和 MySQL 提供答案。
SQL Server：如果您使用的是 SQL Server 2005+，则可以实现该PIVOT功能。
如果您有已知数量的要转换为列的值，则可以对查询进行硬编码。
select typename, total, Deployed, Inventory, shipped
from
(
select count(*) over(partition by t.typename) total,
s.statusname,
t.typename
from assets a
inner join assettypes t
on a.assettype = t.id
inner join assetstatus s
on a.assetstatus = s.id
) d
pivot
(
count(statusname)
for statusname in (Deployed, Inventory, shipped)
) piv;
请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo。
但是，如果您有未知数量的status值，那么您将需要使用动态 sql 在运行时生成列列表。
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(statusname)
from assetstatus
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT typename, total,' + @cols + ' from
(
select count(*) over(partition by t.typename) total,
s.statusname,
t.typename
from assets a
inner join assettypes t
on a.assettype = t.id
inner join assetstatus s
on a.assetstatus = s.id
) x
pivot
(
count(statusname)
for statusname in (' + @cols + ')
) p '
execute(@query)
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
这也可以使用带有 case 表达式的聚合函数来编写：
select typename,
total,
sum(case when statusname ='Deployed' then 1 else 0 end) Deployed,
sum(case when statusname ='Inventory' then 1 else 0 end) Inventory,
sum(case when statusname ='Shipped' then 1 else 0 end) Shipped
from
(
select count(*) over(partition by t.typename) total,
s.statusname,
t.typename
from assets a
inner join assettypes t
on a.assettype = t.id
inner join assetstatus s
on a.assetstatus = s.id
) d
group by typename, total
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
MySQL：此数据库没有数据透视函数，因此您必须使用聚合函数和CASE表达式。它也没有窗口功能，因此您必须将查询稍微更改为以下内容：
select typename,
total,
sum(case when statusname ='Deployed' then 1 else 0 end) Deployed,
sum(case when statusname ='Inventory' then 1 else 0 end) Inventory,
sum(case when statusname ='Shipped' then 1 else 0 end) Shipped
from
(
select t.typename,
(select count(*)
from assets a1
where a1.assettype = t.id
group by a1.assettype) total,
s.statusname
from assets a
inner join assettypes t
on a.assettype = t.id
inner join assetstatus s
on a.assetstatus = s.id
) d
group by typename, total;
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
那么如果你需要在 MySQL 中使用动态解决方案，你将不得不使用准备好的语句来生成要执行的 sql 字符串：
SET @sql = NULL;
SELECT
GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
CONCAT(
'sum(CASE WHEN statusname = ''',
statusname,
''' THEN 1 else 0 END) AS `',
statusname, '`'
)
) INTO @sql
FROM assetstatus;
SET @sql
= CONCAT('SELECT typename,
total, ', @sql, '
from
(
select t.typename,
(select count(*)
from assets a1
where a1.assettype = t.id
group by a1.assettype) total,
s.statusname
from assets a
inner join assettypes t
on a.assettype = t.id
inner join assetstatus s
on a.assetstatus = s.id
) d
group by typename, total');
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo。
两个数据库中的所有查询的结果都是相同的：
| TYPENAME | TOTAL | DEPLOYED | INVENTORY | SHIPPED |
-----------------------------------------------------
| Desktop | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Laptop | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Server | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |