python - 将 Python 脚本导入另一个？

Question

我正在阅读 Zed Shaw 的 Learn Python The Hard Way，我正在学习第 26 课。在本课中，我们必须修复一些代码，并且代码从另一个脚本调用函数。他说我们不必导入它们来通过测试，但我很好奇我们将如何做到这一点。

课程链接| 链接到代码以进行更正

以下是调用先前脚本的特定代码行：

words = ex25.break_words(sentence)
sorted_words = ex25.sort_words(words)

print_first_word(words)
print_last_word(words)
print_first_word(sorted_words)
print_last_word(sorted_words)
sorted_words = ex25.sort_sentence(sentence)
print sorted_words
print_first_and_last(sentence)
print_first_a_last_sorted(sentence)

要更正的代码：

• 这是课程中的代码，正在被引用
  • 不要编辑问题以更正代码

def break_words(stuff):
    """This function will break up words for us."""
    words = stuff.split(' ')
    return words

def sort_words(words):
    """Sorts the words."""
    return sorted(words)

def print_first_word(words)
    """Prints the first word after popping it off."""
    word = words.poop(0)
    print word

def print_last_word(words):
    """Prints the last word after popping it off."""
    word = words.pop(-1
    print word

def sort_sentence(sentence):
    """Takes in a full sentence and returns the sorted words."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    return sort_words(words)

def print_first_and_last(sentence):
    """Prints the first and last words of the sentence."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

def print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence):
    """Sorts the words then prints the first and last one."""
    words = sort_sentence(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)


print "Let's practice everything."
print 'You\'d need to know \'bout escapes with \\ that do \n newlines and \t tabs.'

poem = """
\tThe lovely world
with logic so firmly planted
cannot discern \n the needs of love
nor comprehend passion from intuition
and requires an explantion
\n\t\twhere there is none.
"""


print "--------------"
print poem
print "--------------"

five = 10 - 2 + 3 - 5
print "This should be five: %s" % five

def secret_formula(started):
    jelly_beans = started * 500
    jars = jelly_beans \ 1000
    crates = jars / 100
    return jelly_beans, jars, crates


start_point = 10000
beans, jars, crates == secret_formula(start-point)

print "With a starting point of: %d" % start_point
print "We'd have %d jeans, %d jars, and %d crates." % (beans, jars, crates)

start_point = start_point / 10

print "We can also do that this way:"
print "We'd have %d beans, %d jars, and %d crabapples." % secret_formula(start_pont


sentence = "All god\tthings come to those who weight."

words = ex25.break_words(sentence)
sorted_words = ex25.sort_words(words)

print_first_word(words)
print_last_word(words)
.print_first_word(sorted_words)
print_last_word(sorted_words)
sorted_words = ex25.sort_sentence(sentence)
prin sorted_words

print_irst_and_last(sentence)

   print_first_a_last_sorted(senence)

Answer 1

这取决于第一个文件中的代码的结构。

如果它只是一堆函数，比如：

# first.py
def foo(): print("foo")
def bar(): print("bar")

然后你可以导入它并使用如下功能：

# second.py
import first

first.foo()    # prints "foo"
first.bar()    # prints "bar"

或者

# second.py
from first import foo, bar

foo()          # prints "foo"
bar()          # prints "bar"

或者，导入first.py 中定义的所有名称：

# second.py
from first import *

foo()          # prints "foo"
bar()          # prints "bar"

注意：这假设两个文件位于同一目录中。

当您想从其他目录或包中的模块导入名称（函数、类等）时，它会变得有点复杂。

Answer 2

值得一提的是（至少在 python 3 中），为了让它工作，你必须有一个__init__.py在同一目录中命名的文件。

Answer 3

以下对我有用，它似乎也很简单：

假设我们要导入一个脚本 ./data/get_my_file.py 并希望访问其中的 get_set1() 函数。

import sys
sys.path.insert(0, './data/')
import get_my_file as db

print (db.get_set1())

Answer 4

我强烈推荐阅读 SciPy-lectures 组织中的一个讲座：

https://scipy-lectures.org/intro/language/reusing_code.html

它解释了所有评论的疑问。

但是，可以使用以下代码轻松添加新路径并避免重复：

import sys
new_path = 'insert here the new path'

if new_path not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(new_path)
import funcoes_python #Useful python functions saved in a different script

Answer 5

希望这个作品

def break_words(stuff):
    """This function will break up words for us."""
    words = stuff.split(' ')
    return words

def sort_words(words):
    """Sorts the words."""
    return sorted(words)

def print_first_word(words):
    """Prints the first word after popping it off."""
    word = words.pop(0)
    print (word)

def print_last_word(words):
    """Prints the last word after popping it off."""
    word = words.pop(-1)
    print(word)

def sort_sentence(sentence):
    """Takes in a full sentence and returns the sorted words."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    return sort_words(words)

def print_first_and_last(sentence):
    """Prints the first and last words of the sentence."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

def print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence):
    """Sorts the words then prints the first and last one."""
    words = sort_sentence(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)


print ("Let's practice everything.")
print ('You\'d need to know \'bout escapes with \\ that do \n newlines and \t tabs.')

poem = """
\tThe lovely world
with logic so firmly planted
cannot discern \n the needs of love
nor comprehend passion from intuition
and requires an explantion
\n\t\twhere there is none.
"""


print ("--------------")
print (poem)
print ("--------------")

five = 10 - 2 + 3 - 5
print ("This should be five: %s" % five)

def secret_formula(start_point):
    jelly_beans = start_point * 500
    jars = jelly_beans / 1000
    crates = jars / 100
    return jelly_beans, jars, crates


start_point = 10000
jelly_beans, jars, crates = secret_formula(start_point)

print ("With a starting point of: %d" % start_point)
print ("We'd have %d jeans, %d jars, and %d crates." % (jelly_beans, jars, crates))

start_point = start_point / 10

print ("We can also do that this way:")
print ("We'd have %d beans, %d jars, and %d crabapples." % secret_formula(start_point))


sentence = "All god\tthings come to those who weight."

words =  break_words(sentence)
sorted_words =  sort_words(words)

print_first_word(words)
print_last_word(words)
print_first_word(sorted_words)
print_last_word(sorted_words)
sorted_words =  sort_sentence(sentence)
print (sorted_words)

print_first_and_last(sentence)
print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence)