1

我正在寻找这样的方法(它使用用户输入的 Caesar Cipher 加密消息并显示它):

void encrypt(char *message, int shift);

我的代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

char num(char c)
{
    const char upper_alph[26] = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
    const char lower_alph[26] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};

    if(isupper(c)) {
        for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
            if(upper_alph[i] == c)
                return i;
    } else {
        for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
            if(lower_alph[i] == c)
                return i;
    }
    return 0;
}

void encrypt(char *message, int shift)
{
    int i = 0;
    const char upper_alph[26] = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
    const char lower_alph[26] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};
    while(message[i] != NULL)
    {
        if(isalpha(message[i]))
        {
            if(isupper(message[i])) {
                printf("%c", upper_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]);
            } else {
                printf("%c", lower_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]);
            }
        } else {
            printf("%c", message[i]);
        }
            i++;
    }
}

#define OK       0
#define NO_INPUT 1
#define TOO_LONG 2

static int getLine (char *prmpt, char *buff, size_t sz) {
    int ch, extra;

    // Get line with buffer overrun protection.
    if (prmpt != NULL) {
        printf ("%s", prmpt);
        fflush (stdout);
    }
    if (fgets (buff, sz, stdin) == NULL)
        return NO_INPUT;

    // If it was too long, there'll be no newline. In that case, we flush
    // to end of line so that excess doesn't affect the next call.
    if (buff[strlen(buff)-1] != '\n') {
        extra = 0;
        while (((ch = getchar()) != '\n') && (ch != EOF))
            extra = 1;
        return (extra == 1) ? TOO_LONG : OK;
    }

    // Otherwise remove newline and give string back to caller.
    buff[strlen(buff)-1] = '\0';
    return OK;
}

int main()
{
    //reverse();
    //printf("\n\n");
    int rc;
    char mes[1024];
    int sh = 0;
    rc = getLine ("Enter message to be encrypted: ", mes, sizeof(mes));
    if (rc == NO_INPUT) {
        // Extra NL since my system doesn't output that on EOF.
        printf ("\nNo input\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (rc == TOO_LONG) {
        printf ("Input too long [%s]\n", mes);
        return 1;
    }
    encrypt(mes, 1);
    fflush(stdin);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

感谢任何帮助或试图提供帮助的人。

:)

编辑:做了很多更正。还是行不通 :/

EDIT2:做了更多的更正。获取访问冲突@ "while(*message != '\0')"

EDIT3:将上面的代码更新为工作代码。谢谢你们每一个人的帮助!

4

4 回答 4

2

它不起作用,因为您没有为以下内容分配内存mes

char mes[512]; // Enough space!

使用std::string更简单:

string mes;
int sh = 0;
cout << "Enter message to be encrypted: " << endl;
getline(cin, mes);
cout << "Enter a shift amount (1-25): " << endl;
cin >> sh;
encrypt(mes, sh);

并将encrypt功能更改为:

void encrypt(const string &message, int shift)

并将您的角色保持在范围内:

 upper_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]
 lower_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]
于 2013-03-22T08:15:52.023 回答
2

一个问题是你永远不会环绕。考虑一下,如果您通过任何正位移传递了诸如“Z”或“z”之类的东西,那么您只会在数组之外递增。

您需要执行以下操作:

upper_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]
    and
lower_alph[(num(message[i])+shift)%26]

您还需要为以下内容分配内存mes

char mes[1024];

我相信你scanf也是不正确的(c是一个字符,s是一个字符串):

scanf("%s", mes);

但是,使用%s只会读取直到它得到空白,更好的选择可能是使用getline().

于 2013-03-22T08:15:52.127 回答
2

您将在以下几行中收到“索引超出范围”错误:

        if(isupper(message[i])) {
            printf("%c", upper_alph[num(message[i])+shift]);
        } else {
            printf("%c", lower_alph[num(message[i])+shift]);
        }

您需要提前计算索引并确保它在 0 到 25 之间:

int shiftedIndex = (num(message[i]) + shift) % 26;

您是否知道您的代码仅适用于英语作为输入语言?

于 2013-03-22T08:16:24.777 回答
2

这里有一个基本问题,OP 不理解。也就是说,对于计算机来说,字母只是数字。是我们人类为这些数字赋予意义,我们甚至无法决定哪些数字意味着什么(参见关于 ASCII、EBDIC 和 Unicode 问题的评论)。

下表显示了 ASCII 标准如何将数字映射到字母。

请注意,字符“a”是 97,“b”是 98,“c”是 99,依此类推。大写字符从 65 开始并从那里向上。另请注意,字母“a”和“A”在同一行!这意味着大写字母和小写字母的低 5 位的位模式相同。最后,由于计算机只将字符视为数字,因此它可以对它们进行数字运算:-

'd' - 'a' == 3
100 - 97

要注意的第二件事是,从数学上讲,Caeser 密码只是模数的加法:-

encoded character = (plain text character + shift) mod 26

所以现在代码可以更有效地编写:-

void Encode (char *message, int shift)
{
  while (*message)
  {
    char c = *message;

    if (isalpha (c)) // check c is a letter
    {
      // get the letter index: this maps 'A' to 0, 'B' to 1, etc
      // it also maps 'a' to 32 (97 - 65), 'b' to 33, etc
      c -= 'A'; 

      // this is 32 for lower case characters and 0 for upper case
      char case_of_c = c & 32; 

      // map 'a' to 'A', 'b' to 'B'
      c &= 31; 

      // the caeser shift!
      c = (c + shift) % 26; 

      // restore the case of the letter
      c |= case_of_c; 

      // remap the character back into the ASCII value
      c += 'A'; 

      // save the result of the shift
      *message = c; 
    }

    ++message;
  }
}
于 2013-03-22T09:09:51.503 回答