我有一个模拟,多个圆圈在 2D 空间中移动,它们之间有弹性碰撞。
我想在粒子之间添加吸引力,以便粒子根据质量等向其他粒子移动。我该怎么做?
我的碰撞管理功能如下所示:
void manageCollision(Particle particleA, Particle particleB)
{
float distanceX = particleA.Position.X - particleB.Position.X;
float distanceY = particleA.Position.Y - particleB.Position.Y;
double collisionAngle = Math.Atan2(distanceY, distanceX);
double pA_magnitude = Math.Sqrt(particleA.Velocity.X * particleA.Velocity.X + particleA.Velocity.Y * particleA.Velocity.Y);
double pB_magnitude = Math.Sqrt(particleB.Velocity.X * particleB.Velocity.X + particleB.Velocity.Y * particleB.Velocity.Y);
double pA_direction = Math.Atan2(particleA.Velocity.Y, particleA.Velocity.X);
double pB_direction = Math.Atan2(particleB.Velocity.Y, particleB.Velocity.X);
double pA_newVelocityX = pA_magnitude * Math.Cos(pA_direction - collisionAngle);
double pA_newVelocityY = pA_magnitude * Math.Sin(pA_direction - collisionAngle);
double pB_newVelocityX = pB_magnitude * Math.Cos(pB_direction - collisionAngle);
double pB_newVelocityY = pB_magnitude * Math.Sin(pB_direction - collisionAngle);
double pA_finalVelocityX = ((particleA.Mass - particleB.Mass) * pA_newVelocityX + (particleB.Mass + particleB.Mass) * pB_newVelocityX) / (particleA.Mass + particleB.Mass);
double pB_finalVelocityX = ((particleA.Mass + particleA.Mass) * pA_newVelocityX + (particleB.Mass - particleA.Mass) * pB_newVelocityX) / (particleA.Mass + particleB.Mass);
double pA_finalVelocityY = pA_newVelocityY;
double pB_finalVelocityY = pB_newVelocityY;
particleA.Velocity = new Vector2((float)(Math.Cos(collisionAngle) * pA_finalVelocityX + Math.Cos(collisionAngle + Math.PI / 2) * pA_finalVelocityY), (float)(Math.Sin(collisionAngle) * pA_finalVelocityX + Math.Sin(collisionAngle + Math.PI / 2) * pA_finalVelocityY));
particleB.Velocity = new Vector2((float)(Math.Cos(collisionAngle) * pB_finalVelocityX + Math.Cos(collisionAngle + Math.PI / 2) * pB_finalVelocityY), (float)(Math.Sin(collisionAngle) * pB_finalVelocityX + Math.Sin(collisionAngle + Math.PI / 2) * pB_finalVelocityY));
}
每个球或粒子以随机的质量和半径生成。
该函数在更新类型的方法中调用,如下所示:
Vector2 globalGravity = new Vector2(0f, gravityScale / 6000);
for (int i = 0; i < particles.Count(); i++)
{
particles[i].Update((float)updateTimer.Interval, globalGravity);
Vector2 position = particles[i].Position;
Vector2 velocity = particles[i].Velocity;
collisionWallCheck(ref position, ref velocity, particles[i].Radius);
particles[i].Position = position;
particles[i].Velocity = velocity;
Particle pA = particles[i];
for (int k = i + 1; k < particles.Count(); k++)
{
Particle pB = particles[k];
Vector2 delta = pA.Position - pB.Position;
float dist = delta.Length();
if (dist < particles[i].Radius + particles[k].Radius && !particles[i].Colliding && !particles[k].Colliding)
{
particles[i].Colliding = true;
particles[k].Colliding = true;
manageCollision(particles[i], particles[k]);
particles[i].initColorTable(); // Upon collision, change the color
particles[k].initColorTable();
totalCollisions++;
}
else
{
particles[i].Colliding = false;
particles[k].Colliding = false;
}
}
}
我正在存储每个球的初始位置、速度和质量。
我显然需要做但不知道如何实施的是:
- 计算重力的大小和方向。
- 知道了力,就可以计算出每个物体的加速度。
- 知道加速度,您可以计算出新的速度。
- 知道速度,您可以计算新位置。
我基本上对它的方程式感到不安,我想从只在两个球之间产生吸引力开始。
使用 Steven 的建议,这是新的集成代码。
void updateTimer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
const double G = 6.67398 * 0.00000000001;
for (int i = 0; i < particles.Count(); i++)
{
double sumX = 0;
double sumY = 0;
Particle pA = particles[i];
for (int k = i + 1; k < particles.Count(); k++)
{
Particle pB = particles[k];
Vector2 delta = pA.Position - pB.Position;
float dist = delta.Length();
if (dist < particles[i].Radius + particles[k].Radius && !particles[i].Colliding && !particles[k].Colliding)
{
particles[i].Colliding = true;
particles[k].Colliding = true;
manageCollision(particles[i], particles[k]);
particles[i].initColorTable();
particles[k].initColorTable();
totalCollisions++;
particles[i].Colliding = false;
particles[k].Colliding = false;
}
else
{
double distanceX = particles[i].Position.X - particles[k].Position.X;
double distanceY = particles[i].Position.Y - particles[k].Position.Y;
double r = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(distanceX, 2) + Math.Pow(distanceY, 2));
double force = G * particles[i].Mass * particles[k].Mass / (r * r);
double theta = Math.Tan(distanceY / distanceX);
sumX += force * Math.Cos(theta);
sumY += force * Math.Sin(theta);
particles[i].Colliding = false;
particles[k].Colliding = false;
}
}
double netForce = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(sumX, 2) + Math.Pow(sumY, 2));
double a = netForce / particles[i].Mass;
double aTheta = Math.Tan(sumY / sumX);
// Here we get accelerations for X and Y. You can probably figure out velocities from here.
double aX = a * Math.Cos(aTheta);
double aY = a * Math.Sin(aTheta);
Vector2 accel = new Vector2((float)aX, (float)aY);
particles[i].Update((float)updateTimer.Interval, accel);
//particles[i].Update((float)updateTimer.Interval, globalGravity);
Vector2 position = particles[i].Position;
Vector2 velocity = particles[i].Velocity;
collisionWallCheck(ref position, ref velocity, particles[i].Radius);
particles[i].Position = position;
particles[i].Velocity = velocity + accel;
}
Draw();
}
粒子的更新函数很简单,之前它使用的是 0,0 的全局重力向量。
public void Update(float timeStep, Vector2 gravity)
{
velocity = velocity + timeStep * gravity;
position = position + timeStep * velocity;
}
我现在不确定如何处理 0 的情况。