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我正在寻找一种真正的方法来避免在屏幕旋转后重新创建片段

if (container == null) { return null; }没有真正避免重新创建 Fragment。(如下图所示)


官方 Fragment 开发者指南在哪里?

我们所关注的官方指南位于http://developer.android.com/guide/components/fragments.html部分示例代码位于指南的底部。据我所知,完整的示例代码可在 Android 3.0 (API 11) 下的“Samples for SDK”中找到。此外,我对示例代码进行了最小的修改,使其在 API 10 中运行,并添加了一些调试消息,这些消息包含在这个问题的底部。

在哪里R.id.a_item

您可以在开发人员指南示例中找到以下代码存根:

if (index == 0) {
    ft.replace(R.id.details, details);
} else {
    ft.replace(R.id.a_item, details);
}

我在互联网上进行了一些搜索,发现其他一些也与R.id.a_item. 在检查 API 11 中的示例后,我很确定这只是一个毫无意义的错字。样本中根本没有这样的行。


避免屏幕旋转后重新创建片段的真正方法?

网络上有许多现有的讨论。但似乎还没有一个“真正的”解决方案。

我在下面的代码中添加了许多调试消息,以跟踪DetailsFragment类的生命周期。尝试(1)以纵向模式启动程序,然后(2)将设备转为横向模式,然后(3)将其转回纵向,(4)再次横向,(5)再次返回纵向,最后(6) 放弃它。我们将收到以下调试消息:

(1) 以纵向模式启动

TitlesFragment.onCreate() Bundle=null

只有TitlesFragment被创建。DetailsFragment尚未显示。

(2) 转成横向模式

TitlesFragment.onCreate() Bundle=Bundle[{shownChoice=-1, android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@4051d3a8, curChoice=0}]
DetailsFragment.onAttach() Activity=com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout @4051d640
DetailsFragment.onCreate() Bundle=null
DetailsFragment.onCreateView() Activity=android.widget.FrameLayout@4050df68
DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated() Bundle=null
DetailsFragment.onStart()
DetailsFragment.onResume()

首先,TitlesFragment是重新创建的(使用 savedInstanceState Bundle)。然后DetailsFragment是动态创建的(通过TitlesFragment.onActivityCreated()、调用showDetails()、使用FragmentTransaction)。

(3) 回到纵向模式

DetailsFragment.onPause()
DetailsFragment.onStop()
DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
DetailsFragment.onDetach()
DetailsFragment.onAttach() Activity=com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@40527f70
DetailsFragment.onCreate() Bundle=null
TitlesFragment.onCreate() Bundle=Bundle[{shownChoice=0, android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@405144b0, curChoice=0}]
DetailsFragment.onCreateView() Activity=null
DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated() Bundle=null
DetailsFragment.onStart()
DetailsFragment.onResume()

这是我们关注的第一个地方,即真正的避免再创造的方法。

这是因为DetailsFragment之前已附加到layout-land/fragment_layout.xml <FrameLayout> ViewGroup横向模式。它有一个 ID ( R.id.details)。当屏幕旋转时,ViewGroup作为 的实例的DetailsFragment被保存到 Activity FragmentLayout 的 Bundle 中,在 FragmentLayout 的 onSaveInstanceState() 中。进入纵向模式后,将DetailsFragment重新创建。但在纵向模式下不需要

在示例中(以及许多其他人建议的),DetailsFragment该类使用if (container == null) { return null; }inonCreateView()来避免DetailsFragment以纵向模式显示。但是,如上面的调试消息所示,DetailsFragment在后台仍然存在,作为一个孤儿,拥有所有生命周期方法调用。

(4)再次进入横向模式

DetailsFragment.onPause()
DetailsFragment.onStop()
DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
DetailsFragment.onDetach()
DetailsFragment.onAttach() Activity=com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@4052c7d8
DetailsFragment.onCreate() Bundle=null
TitlesFragment.onCreate() Bundle=Bundle[{shownChoice=0, android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@40521b80, curChoice=0}]
DetailsFragment.onCreateView() Activity=android.widget.FrameLayout@40525270
DetailsFragment。 onActivityCreated() Bundle=null
DetailsFragment.onStart()
DetailsFragment.onResume()

请注意,在前 5 行中,DetailsFragment完成了其生命周期状态,然后销毁并分离。

这进一步证明了该if (container == null) { return null; }方法并不是真正摆脱DetailsFragment实例的方法。(我认为垃圾收集器会摧毁这个悬空的孩子,但事实并非如此。这是因为 Android 确实允许悬空的片段。参考:添加没有 UI 的片段。)

据我了解,从第 6 行开始,它应该是DetailsFragment由 创建的新实例TitlesFragment,就像在 (2) 中所做的那样。但我无法解释为什么DetailsFragment'sonAttach()onCreate()方法在TitlesFragment's之前被调用onCreate()

但是'snull中的 Bundle会证明它是一个新实例。DetailsFragmentonCreate()

据我了解,之前的悬空DetailsFragment实例这次不会重新创建,因为它没有 ID。所以它没有将视图层次结构自动保存到 savedInstanceState 包中。

(5) 再次回到人像模式

DetailsFragment.onPause()
DetailsFragment.onStop()
DetailsFragment.onDestroyView()
DetailsFragment.onDestroy()
DetailsFragment.onDetach()
DetailsFragment.onAttach() Activity=com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout@4052d7d8
DetailsFragment.onCreate() Bundle=null
TitlesFragment.onCreate() Bundle=Bundle[{shownChoice=0, android:view_state=android.util.SparseArray@40534e30, curChoice=0}]
DetailsFragment.onCreateView() Activity=null
DetailsFragment.onActivityCreated() Bundle=null
DetailsFragment.onStart()
DetailsFragment.onResume()

请注意,所有生命周期回调都(3)中的第一次返回纵向相同,除了不同的Activity ID (40527f70 vs 4052d7d8)and view_state Bundle (405144b0 vs 40534e30)。这是合理的。FragmentLayout Activity 和 Instance State Bundle 都被重新创建。

(6)退出(按 BACK 按钮)

I/System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onPause() I/System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onStop() I/System.out(29845):DetailsFragment.onDestroyView() I/System.out(29845) : DetailsFragment.onDestroy() I/System.out(29845): DetailsFragment.onDetach()

如果我们能把 in 去掉就DetailsFragment完美了FragmentLayoutonDestroy()但是FragmentTransaction'remove()方法需要在onSaveInstanceState(). 但是,无法确定它是否是屏幕旋转onSaveInstanceState()

无论如何也无法删除DetailsFragmentin FragmentLayoutonSaveInstanceState()首先,如果DetailsFragment只是部分被对话框遮挡,它将在背景中消失。此外,在被对话框遮挡或切换活动的情况下,既onCreate(Bundle)不会也onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle)不会再次调用。因此,我们没有地方可以恢复 Fragment(并从 Bundle 中检索数据)。


源代码和文件

片段布局.java

package com.example.android.apis.app;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class FragmentLayout extends FragmentActivity {

    private final static class Shakespeare {
        public static final String[] TITLES = { "Love", "Hate", "One", "Day" };
        public static final String[] DIALOGUE = {
            "Love Love Love Love Love",
            "Hate Hate Hate Hate Hate",
            "One One One One One",
            "Day Day Day Day Day" };
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);
    }

    public static class DetailsActivity extends FragmentActivity {
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

            if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation
                    == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
                // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the
                // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.
                finish();
                return;
            }

            if (savedInstanceState == null) {
                // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.
                DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();
                details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
                getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {
        boolean mDualPane;
        int mCurCheckPosition = 0;
        int mShownCheckPosition = -1;

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreate() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }

        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

            // Populate list with our static array of titles.
            setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                    android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));
            // API 11:android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1

            // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details
            // fragment directly in the containing UI.
            View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);
            mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;

            if (savedInstanceState != null) {
                // Restore last state for checked position.
                mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);
                mShownCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("shownChoice", -1);
            }

            if (mDualPane) {
                // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.
                getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
                // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.
                showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
            super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
            outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);
            outState.putInt("shownChoice", mShownCheckPosition);
        }

        @Override
        public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
            showDetails(position);
        }

        /**
         * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by
         * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a
         * whole new activity in which it is displayed.
         */
        void showDetails(int index) {
            mCurCheckPosition = index;

            if (mDualPane) {
                // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update
                // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.
                getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);

                if (mShownCheckPosition != mCurCheckPosition) {
                    // If we are not currently showing a fragment for the new
                    // position, we need to create and install a new one.
                    DetailsFragment df = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);

                    // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment
                    // with this one inside the frame.
                    FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
                    ft.replace(R.id.details, df);
                    ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
                    ft.commit();
                    mShownCheckPosition = index;
                }

            } else {
                // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display
                // the dialog fragment with selected text.
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra("index", index);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {
        /**
         * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to
         * show the text at 'index'.
         */
        public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {
            DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();

            // Supply index input as an argument.
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt("index", index);
            f.setArguments(args);

            return f;
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreate() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }
        @Override
        public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
            super.onAttach(activity);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onAttach() Activity=" + 
                    (activity == null ? null : activity));
        }
        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onActivityCreated() Bundle=" + 
                    (savedInstanceState == null ? null : savedInstanceState));
        }
        @Override
        public void onStart() { super.onStart(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onStart()"); }
        @Override
        public void onResume() { super.onResume(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onResume()"); }
        @Override
        public void onPause() { super.onPause(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onPause()"); }
        @Override
        public void onStop() { super.onStop(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onStop()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDestroyView()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDestroy()"); }
        @Override
        public void onDetach() { super.onDetach(); System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onDetach()"); }

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + ".onCreateView() Activity=" + 
                    (container == null ? null : container));

            if (container == null) {
                // We have different layouts, and in one of them this
                // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment
                // may still be created from its saved state, but there is
                // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it
                // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could
                // just run the code below, where we would create and return
                // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.
                return null;
            }

            ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());
            TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());
            int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,
                    4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
            text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
            scroller.addView(text);
            text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getArguments().getInt("index", 0)]);
            return scroller;
        }
    }

}

布局/fragment_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles"
            android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>

布局土地/fragment_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal" android:baselineAligned="false"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <!-- API 11:android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" -->

</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.android.apis.app"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="4"
        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$DetailsActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>
4

2 回答 2

0

我用以下方法取得了一些成功。

这会根据片段的状态做正确的事情。

public void activate(FragmentTransaction ft, Fragment f, String tag, int resId) {
    boolean changed =   resId != f.getId();

    if (changed && (f.isAdded() || f.isDetached())) {
        ft.remove(f);
        ft.add(resId, f, tag);
        return;
    }

    // Currently in a detached mode
    if (f.isDetached()) {
        ft.attach(f);
        return;
    }

    // Not in fragment manager add
    if (!f.isAdded() && ! f.isDetached()) {
        ft.add(resId, f, tag);
        return;
    }
}

这处理特定的记忆片段。

private enum FragmentOp {
    ADD
    ,DETACH
    ,REMOVE
    ;
}

private void ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp op) {
    if (null == iChild) {
        iChild = (FragmentChild) iFM.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_phonenumber_details);
    }

    FragmentTransaction ft = iFM.beginTransaction();
    switch(op) {
    case ADD:
        if (null == iChild) {
            iChild = new FragmentChild();
        }
        activate(ft, iChild, null, R.id.fragment_phonenumber_details);
        break;
    case DETACH:
        if (null != iChild) {
            iChild.deactivate(ft);
        }
        break;
    case REMOVE:
        if (null != iChild) {
            iChild.remove(ft);
        }
        break;
    }
    // Only if something shows up did we do anything!
    if (null != iChild) {
        ft.commit();
    }
}

然后在生命周期方法中:

@Override public void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    if (iDualPane) {
        ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp.ADD);
    }
}

@Override public void onPause() {
    super.onPause();

    recordState();   // Grab what I need from the child fragment

    ensureFragmentState(FragmentOp.DETACH);
}
于 2014-03-06T05:00:56.860 回答
-2

非常感谢@RogerGarzonNieto 发现了在方向更改时禁用自动重新创建活动的方法。这是非常有用的。我相信我将不得不在某些情况下使用它。

为了避免在屏幕旋转时重新创建片段,我找到了一种更简单的方法,我们仍然可以像往常一样允许 Activity 重新创建。

onSaveInstanceState()

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (isPortrait2Landscape()) {
        remove_fragments();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

private boolean isPortrait2Landscape() {
    return isDevicePortrait() && (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
}

isDevicePortrait()像:

private boolean isDevicePortrait() {
    return (findViewById(R.id.A_View_Only_In_Portrait) != null);
}

*请注意,我们无法getResources().getConfiguration().orientation确定设备当前是否为纵向。这是因为Resources对象在屏幕旋转后立即更改 - 甚至在调用之前! onSaveInstanceState()

如果您不想使用findViewById()来测试方向(出于任何原因,而且它毕竟不是那么整洁),请保留一个全局变量并通过inprivate int current_orientation;初始化它。这看起来更整洁。但是我们应该注意不要在 Activity 生命周期的任何地方更改它。current_orientation = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;onCreate()

*请确保我们remove_fragments() 之前 super.onSaveInstanceState()

(因为在我的情况下,我从 Layout 和 Activity 中删除了 Fragments。如果它是 after super.onSaveInstanceState(),则 Layout 将已经保存到 Bundle 中。然后在 Activity 重新创建后, Fragments将被重新创建。 ###)

###我已经证明了这个现象。但是在 Activity 重新创建时如何确定 Fragment 恢复的原因是什么?只是我的猜测。如果您对此有任何想法,请回答我的另一个问题。谢谢!

于 2013-04-01T18:42:46.137 回答