在我的工作地点，不同的计算机在不同的子网中，如果 PC 与 Samba 服务器在同一子网中，我可以通过 访问文件服务器\\myserv\MyFolder，但是对于 PC 在不同的子网中，唯一的方法是我访问服务器是使用 IP (i.e., \\1.2.3.4\MyFolder)。
我只是想知道VBA，如果有什么办法可以说：
如果我可以找到使用的服务器\\myserv，则使用myserv，否则使用1.2.3.4？
不幸的是，我根本无法调整网络，我想以这种方式进行设置，以便至少在 IP 更改时，我的大多数用户仍然可以通过访问来使用该工具\\myserv\MyFolder。
这是我用来检查服务器可达性的一些代码。它使用 Windows winsock32 API，我没有遇到任何问题。我不必担心特权，所以我不知道它会如何处理。
我已经对代码进行了相当多的评论，因此希望您在需要对其进行调整时能够理解发生了什么。根据我使用的示例子，它可以工作。在检查网络路径后，我将让您执行设置文件夹的代码；）
这不是一项微不足道的任务，而是一个棘手的问题，所以我很乐意分享代码。从您将调用以进行检查的函数开始 - 请注意路径是如何定义的。我已经在我的网络上测试了这些，它们都可以工作，Diskstation 通过其网络名称和 IP 检查：
Sub TestMyPaths()
TestPath ("C:\")
TestPath ("\\Diskstation\")
TestPath ("\\192.168.99.5\")
End Sub
Sub TestPath(sServerName As String)
If sServerName = "" Then Exit Sub
If Not CheckPath(sServerName) Then
MsgBox "Cannot find " & sServerName
Else
MsgBox "Found " & sServerName
End If
End Sub
Private Function CheckPath(sfile As String) As Boolean
'Response Variables
Dim bResponse As Boolean, bLocal As Boolean
'File System Variables
Dim oFS As Object, oDrive As Object, oTemp As Object
'Variables for chkecing the server
Dim strIPAddress As String, Reply As ICMP_ECHO_REPLY, lngSuccess As Long, sServer As String
If sfile = "" Then Exit Function
bResponse = False
On Error GoTo SomeProblem
' Determine if drive is local and resolve all remote paths to UNC filenames
Set oFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set oDrive = oFS.Drives
bLocal = False
If UCase(VBA.Left(sfile, 1)) Like "[A-Z]" Then
For Each oDrive In oFS.Drives
If oDrive.Path = UCase(VBA.Left(sfile, 2)) Then
If oDrive.DriveType = 3 Then ' Remote Drive
sfile = Replace(sfile, (VBA.Left(sfile, 2)), oDrive.ShareName)
Else
bLocal = True
End If
Exit For
End If
Next oDrive
End If
If bLocal Then
'Allow for checking at the end of this if statement
bResponse = True
ElseIf VBA.Left(sfile, 1) <> "\" Then
' File Name only specified / Not a valid path
bResponse = False
Else
'Otherwise we are dealing with a server path
'Get the server name
sServer = VBA.Mid$(sfile, 3, InStr(3, sfile, "\", vbTextCompare) - 3)
'Set up networking to check
If SocketsInitialize() Then
strIPAddress = GetIPFromHostName(sServer) 'Get the ipaddress of the server name
lngSuccess = ping(strIPAddress, Reply) 'Ping the IP that is passing the address and get a reply.
Call WSACleanup 'Clean up the sockets.
If lngSuccess = 0 Then bResponse = True 'If we get a ping back we're all good
End If
End If
SomeProblem:
CheckPath = bResponse
Set oTemp = Nothing
Set oDrive = Nothing
End Function
然后是 API 声明（这些位于模块的顶部）。
#If Win64 Then
Private Declare PtrSafe Function gethostbyname Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal hostname As String) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (xDest As Any, xSource As Any, ByVal nbytes As Long)
Private Declare PtrSafe Function WSAStartup Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal wVersionRequired As Long, lpWSADATA As WSADATA) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function WSACleanup Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" () As Long
#Else
Private Declare Function gethostbyname Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal hostname As String) As Long
Private Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (xDest As Any, xSource As Any, ByVal nbytes As Long)
Private Declare Function WSAStartup Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal wVersionRequired As Long, lpWSADATA As WSADATA) As Long
Private Declare Function WSACleanup Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" () As Long
#End If
'NETWORK AND PING API FUNCTIONS
#If Win64 Then
Public Declare PtrSafe Function IcmpCreateFile Lib "icmp.dll" () As Long
Public Declare PtrSafe Function inet_addr Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal cp As String) As Long
Public Declare PtrSafe Function IcmpCloseHandle Lib "icmp.dll" (ByVal IcmpHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function IcmpSendEcho Lib "icmp.dll" _
(ByVal IcmpHandle As Long, _
ByVal DestinationAddress As Long, _
ByVal RequestData As String, _
ByVal RequestSize As Long, _
ByVal RequestOptions As Long, _
ReplyBuffer As ICMP_ECHO_REPLY, _
ByVal ReplySize As Long, _
ByVal Timeout As Long) As Long
#Else
Public Declare Function IcmpCreateFile Lib "icmp.dll" () As Long
Public Declare Function inet_addr Lib "WSOCK32.DLL" (ByVal cp As String) As Long
Public Declare Function IcmpCloseHandle Lib "icmp.dll" (ByVal IcmpHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function IcmpSendEcho Lib "icmp.dll" _
(ByVal IcmpHandle As Long, _
ByVal DestinationAddress As Long, _
ByVal RequestData As String, _
ByVal RequestSize As Long, _
ByVal RequestOptions As Long, _
ReplyBuffer As ICMP_ECHO_REPLY, _
ByVal ReplySize As Long, _
ByVal Timeout As Long) As Long
#End If
Public Const WINSOCK_ERROR = "Windows Sockets not responding correctly."
Public Const INADDR_NONE As Long = &HFFFFFFFF
Public Const WSA_SUCCESS = 0
Public Const GWL_STYLE = -16
Public Const WS_SYSMENU = &H80000
Private Const ICMP_SUCCESS As Long = 0
Private Const WS_VERSION_REQD As Long = &H101
Private Const MAX_WSADescription As Long = 256
Private Const MAX_WSASYSStatus As Long = 128
'PING AND NETWORK ENUMS
Private Type IP_OPTION_INFORMATION
Ttl As Byte
Tos As Byte
Flags As Byte
OptionsSize As Byte
OptionsData As Long
End Type
Public Type ICMP_ECHO_REPLY
Address As Long
Status As Long
RoundTripTime As Long
DataSize As Long
Reserved As Integer
ptrData As Long
Options As IP_OPTION_INFORMATION
data As String * 250
End Type
Private Type WSADATA
wVersion As Integer
wHighVersion As Integer
szDescription(0 To MAX_WSADescription) As Byte
szSystemStatus(0 To MAX_WSASYSStatus) As Byte
wMaxSockets As Long
wMaxUDPDG As Long
dwVendorInfo As Long
End Type
然后是通用网络功能：
Public Function GetIPFromHostName(ByVal sHostName As String) As String
'converts a host name to an IP address.
Dim ptrHosent As Long 'address of hostent structure
Dim ptrName As Long 'address of name pointer
Dim ptrAddress As Long 'address of address pointer
Dim ptrIPAddress As Long
Dim sAddress As String
sAddress = Space$(4)
ptrHosent = gethostbyname(sHostName & vbNullChar)
If ptrHosent <> 0 Then
ptrName = ptrHosent
ptrAddress = ptrHosent + 12
'get the IP address
CopyMemory ptrName, ByVal ptrName, 4
CopyMemory ptrAddress, ByVal ptrAddress, 4
CopyMemory ptrIPAddress, ByVal ptrAddress, 4
CopyMemory ByVal sAddress, ByVal ptrIPAddress, 4
GetIPFromHostName = IPToText(sAddress)
End If
End Function
Private Function IPToText(ByVal IPAddress As String) As String
IPToText = CStr(Asc(IPAddress)) & "." & _
CStr(Asc(Mid$(IPAddress, 2, 1))) & "." & _
CStr(Asc(Mid$(IPAddress, 3, 1))) & "." & _
CStr(Asc(Mid$(IPAddress, 4, 1)))
End Function
Public Function SocketsInitialize() As Boolean
Dim WSAD As WSADATA
SocketsInitialize = WSAStartup(WS_VERSION_REQD, WSAD) = ICMP_SUCCESS
End Function
Public Function ping(sAddress As String, Reply As ICMP_ECHO_REPLY) As Long
'Function to ping an address and see if a response is obtained
Dim hIcmp As Long, lAddress As Long, lTimeOut As Long, StringToSend As String
StringToSend = "test" 'Short string of data to send
lTimeOut = 1000 'ms 'ICMP (ping) timeout
lAddress = inet_addr(sAddress) 'Convert string address to a long representation
'If we have a valid response
If (lAddress <> -1) And (lAddress <> 0) Then
'Create the handle for ICMP requests.
hIcmp = IcmpCreateFile()
If hIcmp Then
'Ping the destination IP address.
Call IcmpSendEcho(hIcmp, lAddress, StringToSend, Len(StringToSend), 0, Reply, Len(Reply), lTimeOut)
'Reply status
ping = Reply.Status
'Close the Icmp handle.
IcmpCloseHandle hIcmp
Else
Debug.Print "failure opening icmp handle."
ping = -1
End If
Else
ping = -1
End If
End Function
假设您在 Windows 环境中，这是一种替代方法（没有实际代码）：
Dim vsFileName vsFileName = "C:\Temp\RandomFileName.txt" Shell("Net View \\myServ > " & vsFileName )
If FileLen( vsFileName ) = 0 Then vsNetworkPath = "1.2.3.4"
Kill( vsFileName )如果您不想乱用 win32 函数，这是一种替代方法。每次运行代码时随机化文件名以避免冲突是个好主意。