4

我正在尝试学习所有主要的设计模式。我刚刚开始学习java中的多线程。这是观察者模式代码,其中有多个观察者,并且 observable 在 while true 循环中运行。我有以下两个问题:

  1. 当调用 notifyObservers 时,我必须将新值传递给它,即使我的观察者正在访问可观察值的 getter。如果我不这样做,那么观察者会获取/打印值 null。我创建了一个 setter 函数来演示它。
  2. 我创建了两个观察者,显然它们的大部分代码都是相似的。我不确定如何在不复制我的代码的情况下实现新的观察者或创建观察者列表。我创建了一个 basicObserver 并试图在 MyObserver3 中继承它,但我不确定我该如何实现它。

    import java.util.Observable;
    import java.util.Observer;
    
    public class ObserverPatternMultipleObserversUsingThreads
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            ObservableValue observableObj = new ObservableValue(10);
    
            MyObserver1 observer1 = new MyObserver1(observableObj);
            MyObserver2 observer2 = new MyObserver2(observableObj);
            MyObserver3 observer3 = new MyObserver3(observableObj);
    
            observableObj.addObserver(observer1);
            observableObj.addObserver(observer2);
    
            observableObj.start();
    
            System.out.println("Calling Listeners");
    
            observer1.printObservablesValue();
            observer2.printObservablesValue();
    
            System.out.println("Main thread says: Sleeping for 3 second(s)");
    
            try
            {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            }
    
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            System.out.println("Main thread says: Going to change Observables Value");
    
            observableObj.setValue(20);
        }
    }
    
    class basicObserver
    {
        private ObservableValue obsValObj = null;
    
        public basicObserver(ObservableValue obsVal)
        {
            this.obsValObj = obsVal;
        }
    
        public void printObservablesValue()
        {
            System.out.println("Observer says: [" + obsValObj.getValue() + "]");    
        }
    
        public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
        {
            Integer count = (Integer) arg;
            System.out.println("Observer says: Value changed to: [" + count + "]");
        }
    }
    
    class MyObserver3 extends basicObserver implements Observer
    {
        public MyObserver3(ObservableValue obsVal)
        {
            super(obsVal);
        }
    }
    
    class MyObserver1 implements Observer
    {
        private ObservableValue obsValObj = null;
    
        public MyObserver1(ObservableValue obsVal)
        {
            this.obsValObj = obsVal;
        }
    
        public void printObservablesValue()
        {
            System.out.println("MyObserver1 says: [" + obsValObj.getValue() + "]"); 
        }
    
        public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
        {
            Integer count = (Integer) arg;
            System.out.println("MyObserver1 says: Value changed to: [" + count + "]");
        }
    }
    
    class MyObserver2 implements Observer
    {
        private ObservableValue obsValObj = null;
    
        public MyObserver2(ObservableValue obsVal)
        {
            this.obsValObj = obsVal;
        }
    
        public void printObservablesValue()
        {
            System.out.println("MyObserver2 says: [" + obsValObj.getValue() + "]"); 
        }
    
        public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
        {
            Integer count = (Integer) arg;
            System.out.println("MyObserver2 says: Value changed to: [" + count + "]");
        }
    }
    
    class ObservableValue extends Observable implements Runnable
    {
        private int n = 0;
    
        public ObservableValue(int x)
        {
            this.n = x;
        }
    
        public int getValue()
        {
            return n;
        }
    
        public void setValue(int x)
        {
            this.n = x;
            setChanged();
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: setChanged() has been called");
    
    //      notifyObservers(new Integer(this.n));
            notifyObservers();                                                                  // makes the observers print null
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: notifyObservers() has been called");
        }
    
        public void start()
        {
            new Thread(this).start();
        }
    
        public void run()
        {
            int count = -1;
            int a=0, b=0;
    
            while(a==b)
            {
                if(count != n)
                {
                    count = n;
                    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: My count is: [" + count + "]");
    
                    count++;
                    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: Now my count is: [" + count + "]");
                    setChanged();
                    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: setChanged() has been called");
    
                    notifyObservers(new Integer(count));
                    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: notifyObservers() has been called");
    
                    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: Sleeping for 5 second(s)");
    
                    try
                    {
                        Thread.sleep(5000);
                    }
    
                    catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

对于这些概念的最佳实践,我真的很感激任何指针/建议/评论。

请帮忙。

4

2 回答 2

3
  1. 您不需要将Observable实例引用传递给观察者;这实际上是一个坏主意,因为您Observable在方法中获得了对实例的引用和修改后的值update()。此外,如果您不将观察者绑定到特定的 Observable 实例,则可以将它们附加到其他Observables 而无需任何修改。

  2. 对于使用多个观察者,您不一定需要多个类。在您的情况下,您可能可以使用同一类的多个实例来实现您想要的。

于 2013-03-17T13:14:23.670 回答
2
  1. 尝试将您的更新方法更改为:

    public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
    {
        if (o instanceof ObservableValue){
            ObservableValue obs = (ObservableValue) o;
            System.out.println("MyObserver1 says: Value changed to: [" + obs.getValue() + "]");
        }else{
            System.out.println("The observable object was not of the correct type");
        }
    
    }
    

这将允许您访问所需的 observable 上的任何方法,以便您可以获取所有可能已更改的值并相应地更新。

2 我看不出你们的类之间有什么区别,你能不能只为这些观察者创建一个新实例,而不是为每个观察者创建一个完整的类?

我已经删除了我认为您不需要的类,并展示了如何使用一个观察者类来完成(除非您需要为每个类提供不同的功能)。他们按照以前的方式编号。

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class ObserverPatternMultipleObserversUsingThreads
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
{
    ObservableValue observableObj = new ObservableValue(10);

    MyObserver observer1 = new MyObserver(observableObj);
    MyObserver observer2 = new MyObserver(observableObj);

    observableObj.addObserver(observer1);
    observableObj.addObserver(observer2);

    observableObj.start();

    System.out.println("Calling Listeners");

    observer1.printObservablesValue();
    observer2.printObservablesValue();

    System.out.println("Main thread says: Sleeping for 3 second(s)");

    try
    {
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    }

    catch (InterruptedException e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    System.out.println("Main thread says: Going to change Observables Value");

    observableObj.setValue(20);
    }
}


class MyObserver implements Observer
{
static int numberOfObservers = 0;
private ObservableValue obsValObj = null;
private int observerNumber;

public MyObserver(ObservableValue obsVal)
{
    numberOfObservers++;
    observerNumber = numberOfObservers;
    this.obsValObj = obsVal;
}

public void printObservablesValue()
{
    System.out.println("MyObserver"+observerNumber+" says: [" + obsValObj.getValue() + "]"); 
}

public void update(Observable o, Object arg)
{


    if (o instanceof ObservableValue){
        ObservableValue obs = (ObservableValue) o;
        System.out.println("MyObserver"+observerNumber+" says: Value changed to: [" + obs.getValue() + "]");
    }else{
        System.out.println("The observable object was not of the correct type");
    }

}
}

class ObservableValue extends Observable implements Runnable
{
    private int n = 0;

    public ObservableValue(int x)
{
    this.n = x;
}

public int getValue()
{
    return n;
}

public void setValue(int x)
{
    this.n = x;
    setChanged();
    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: setChanged() has been called");

//      notifyObservers(new Integer(this.n));
    notifyObservers();                                                                      // makes the observers print null
    System.out.println("ObservableValue says: notifyObservers() has been called");
}

public void start()
{
    new Thread(this).start();
}

public void run()
{
    int count = -1;
    int a=0, b=0;

    while(a==b)
    {
        if(count != n)
        {
            count = n;
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: My count is: [" + count + "]");

            count++;
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: Now my count is: [" + count + "]");
            setChanged();
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: setChanged() has been called");

            notifyObservers(new Integer(count));
            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: notifyObservers() has been called");

            System.out.println("ObservableValue says: Sleeping for 5 second(s)");

            try
            {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            }

            catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
        }
    }
}
}
于 2013-03-17T13:16:10.557 回答