我现在与这个问题斗争了几天，我真的很绝望。我正在升级的旧项目在 Tomcat 启动期间给了我以下错误消息：
Configuration problem: Unable to locate NamespaceHandler for namespace
[http://www.springframework.org/schema/context]
为什么它不能处理上下文模式？
一些背景资料：
关于这个问题有很多问题，其中大部分是由于相应的 JAR 不在类路径中。不是我的情况。该应用程序被打包为war并放置在 Tomcat 的webapp文件夹中。在启动过程中，Tomcat 将战争解压到自己的文件夹中，其中 WEB-INF/lib 文件夹包含“ spring-context-3.2.1.RELEASE.jar ”文件。
日志文件附在这个问题的末尾。请注意，tomcat 哭诉将属性 'cacheAllowed' 设置为 'false' 没有找到匹配的属性。在启动期间。似乎它没有加载org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext。我的context.xml文件包含以下内容：
<Context cacheAllowed="false" crossContext="true" debug="0"
docBase="${project.build.finalName}.war" path="/lup-web" privileged="true"
reloadable="true">
</Context>
有问题的文件 ( services.xml ) 以以下内容开头：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.lup.pages"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.lup.messages"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.lup.importData"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mycompany.lup.servlet"/>
<bean class="com.mycompany.lup.importData.ConversionService">
这是catalina运行的日志：
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library 1.1.24 using APR version 1.4.6.
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener initializeSSL
INFO: OpenSSL successfully initialized (OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012)
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 1963 ms
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.35
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\lup.war
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.SetContextPropertiesRule begin
WARNING: [SetContextPropertiesRule]{Context} Setting property 'cacheAllowed' to 'false' did not find a matching property.
Mar 09, 2013 10:07:58 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.SetContextPropertiesRule begin
WARNING: [SetContextPropertiesRule]{Context} Setting property 'debug' to '0' did not find a matching property.
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:10 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://www.springframework.org/tags/form is already defined
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:10 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://www.springframework.org/tags is already defined
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Error listenerStart
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Context [/lup] startup failed due to previous errors
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\docs
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\examples
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\host-manager
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\manager
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\webapps\ROOT
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 15424 ms
这是错误日志：
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:10 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:11 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Loading Spring root WebApplicationContext
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:12 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class com.mycompany.lup.servlet.DelegatingContextListener
com.mycompany.lup.exceptions.mycompanySystemException: Machine name:DEVTEAM
Error invoking SpringContextLoaderListener upon context initialization.
at com.mycompany.lup.servlet.DelegatingContextListener.contextInitialized(DelegatingContextListener.java:40)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:977)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1655)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Unable to locate NamespaceHandler for namespace [http://www.springframework.org/schema/context]
Offending resource: class path resource [conf/services.xml]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.FailFastProblemReporter.error(FailFastProblemReporter.java:57)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:64)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:55)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1144)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1137)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:145)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:89)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:499)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:407)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:357)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:126)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:142)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.importBeanDefinitionResource(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:187)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseDefaultElement(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:156)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:142)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:89)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:499)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:407)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:357)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:126)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:142)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:91)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:294)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.java:156)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:246)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:184)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:49)
at org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.spring.SpringContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(SpringContextLoaderListener.java:44)
at com.mycompany.lup.servlet.DelegatingContextListener.contextInitialized(DelegatingContextListener.java:37)
... 14 more
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: contextInitialized()
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: SessionListener: contextInitialized()
Mar 09, 2013 10:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: attributeAdded('org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache', 'org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache@1cb2794d')