我是 JavaScript 和一般编程的新手，我对对象和事件有一些疑问。
假设我有一个对象：
var computer = {
keyboard: {}
}
我正在寻找一种将事件注册到键盘对象的方法：
computer.keyboard.registerEvent( "keyEscape" );
触发事件：
computer.keyboard.dispatchEvent( "keyEscape" );
并创建事件处理程序：
computer.keyboard.addEventListener( "keyEscape", function() {...} );
我知道如何使用 DOM 元素而不是对象来做到这一点。这是可以在 JavaScript 中完成的吗（也许在 JQuery 的帮助下）？
即使是最轻微的指导也将不胜感激。
如果您想在不依赖 DOM 事件的情况下创建一个完全独立的事件系统，您可以使用反应器模式获得类似的东西
function Event(name){
this.name = name;
this.callbacks = [];
}
Event.prototype.registerCallback = function(callback){
this.callbacks.push(callback);
}
function Reactor(){
this.events = {};
}
Reactor.prototype.registerEvent = function(eventName){
var event = new Event(eventName);
this.events[eventName] = event;
};
Reactor.prototype.dispatchEvent = function(eventName, eventArgs){
this.events[eventName].callbacks.forEach(function(callback){
callback(eventArgs);
});
};
Reactor.prototype.addEventListener = function(eventName, callback){
this.events[eventName].registerCallback(callback);
};
像 DOM 事件模型一样使用它
var reactor = new Reactor();
reactor.registerEvent('big bang');
reactor.addEventListener('big bang', function(){
console.log('This is big bang listener yo!');
});
reactor.addEventListener('big bang', function(){
console.log('This is another big bang listener yo!');
});
reactor.dispatchEvent('big bang');
如果您不想实现自己的事件处理机制，您可能会喜欢我的方法。您将从通常的 DOM 事件中获得所有您知道的功能（例如，preventDefault()），我认为它更轻量级，因为它使用了浏览器已经实现的 DOM 事件处理功能。
只需在对象的构造函数中创建一个普通的 DOM EventTarget 对象，并将所有 EventTarget 接口调用传递给 DOM EventTarget 对象：
var MyEventTarget = function(options) {
// Create a DOM EventTarget object
var target = document.createTextNode(null);
// Pass EventTarget interface calls to DOM EventTarget object
this.addEventListener = target.addEventListener.bind(target);
this.removeEventListener = target.removeEventListener.bind(target);
this.dispatchEvent = target.dispatchEvent.bind(target);
// Room your your constructor code
}
// Create an instance of your event target
myTarget = new MyEventTarget();
// Add an event listener to your event target
myTarget.addEventListener("myevent", function(){alert("hello")});
// Dispatch an event from your event target
var evt = new Event('myevent');
myTarget.dispatchEvent(evt);
还有一个JSFiddle 片段可以用您的浏览器对其进行测试。
您可以像一些人建议的那样简单地创建一个新EventTarget实例，而不必创建 DOM 对象，如下所示：
const target = new EventTarget();
target.addEventListener('customEvent', console.log);
target.dispatchEvent(new Event('customEvent'));
这提供了您习惯使用 DOM 事件的所有功能，并且不需要创建空的文档元素或节点。
有关更多信息，请参阅 Mozilla 开发人员指南：https ://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget
Necroposting 在这里有点，但我昨晚刚刚写了这样的东西 - 超级简单，并且基于 Backbone.js 事件模块：
EventDispatcher = {
events: {},
on: function(event, callback) {
var handlers = this.events[event] || [];
handlers.push(callback);
this.events[event] = handlers;
},
trigger: function(event, data) {
var handlers = this.events[event];
if (!handlers || handlers.length < 1)
return;
[].forEach.call(handlers, function(handler){
handler(data);
});
}
};
这种方法非常简单且可扩展，允许您在需要时在其之上构建更复杂的事件系统。
使用EventDispatcher很简单：
function initializeListeners() {
EventDispatcher.on('fire', fire); // fire.bind(this) -- if necessary
}
function fire(x) {
console.log(x);
}
function thingHappened(thing) {
EventDispatcher.trigger('fire', thing);
}
通过一些简单的命名空间，您将能够轻松地在模块之间传递基本事件！
您可以使用 JQuery 来完成。
订阅您的自定义事件：
$(computer.keyboard).on('keyEscape', function(e){
//Handler code
});
用于抛出您的自定义事件：
$(computer.keyboard).trigger('keyEscape', {keyCode:'Blah blah'});
可能不是最好的方法，但您也可以在您的方法（addEventListener、dispatchEvent、...）中创建将包装 JQuery 逻辑的函数，以支持本地外观的 api 和 JQuery。
最有可能的是，您需要一种事件机制作为多个对象之间的通信媒介。
以下是您如何实现这一目标：
/**
* EventfulObject constructor/base.
* @type EventfulObject_L7.EventfulObjectConstructor|Function
*/
var EventfulObject = function() {
/**
* Map from event name to a list of subscribers.
* @type Object
*/
var event = {};
/**
* List of all instances of the EventfulObject type.
* @type Array
*/
var instances = [];
/**
* @returns {EventfulObject_L1.EventfulObjectConstructor} An `EventfulObject`.
*/
var EventfulObjectConstructor = function() {
instances.push(this);
};
EventfulObjectConstructor.prototype = {
/**
* Broadcasts an event of the given name.
* All instances that wish to receive a broadcast must implement the `receiveBroadcast` method, the event that is being broadcast will be passed to the implementation.
* @param {String} name Event name.
* @returns {undefined}
*/
broadcast: function(name) {
instances.forEach(function(instance) {
(instance.hasOwnProperty("receiveBroadcast") && typeof instance["receiveBroadcast"] === "function") &&
instance["receiveBroadcast"](name);
});
},
/**
* Emits an event of the given name only to instances that are subscribed to it.
* @param {String} name Event name.
* @returns {undefined}
*/
emit: function(name) {
event.hasOwnProperty(name) && event[name].forEach(function(subscription) {
subscription.process.call(subscription.context);
});
},
/**
* Registers the given action as a listener to the named event.
* This method will first create an event identified by the given name if one does not exist already.
* @param {String} name Event name.
* @param {Function} action Listener.
* @returns {Function} A deregistration function for this listener.
*/
on: function(name, action) {
event.hasOwnProperty(name) || (event[name] = []);
event[name].push({
context: this,
process: action
});
var subscriptionIndex = event[name].length - 1;
return function() {
event[name].splice(subscriptionIndex, 1);
};
}
};
return EventfulObjectConstructor;
}();
var Model = function(id) {
EventfulObject.call(this);
this.id = id;
this.receiveBroadcast = function(name) {
console.log("I smell another " + name + "; and I'm model " + this.id);
};
};
Model.prototype = Object.create(EventfulObject.prototype);
Model.prototype.constructor = Model;
// ---------- TEST AND USAGE (hopefully it's clear enough...)
// ---------- note: I'm not testing event deregistration.
var ob1 = new EventfulObject();
ob1.on("crap", function() {
console.log("Speaking about craps on a broadcast? - Count me out!");
});
var model1 = new Model(1);
var model2 = new Model(2);
model2.on("bust", function() {
console.log("I'm model2 and I'm busting!");
});
var ob2 = new EventfulObject();
ob2.on("bust", function() {
console.log("I'm ob2 - busted!!!");
});
ob2.receiveBroadcast = function() {
console.log("If it zips, I'll catch it. - That's me ob2.");
};
console.log("start:BROADCAST\n---------------");
model1.broadcast("crap");
console.log("end :BROADCAST\n---------------\n-\n-\n");
console.log("start:EMIT\n---------------");
ob1.emit("bust");
console.log("end:EMIT\n---------------");<h1>...THE SHOW IS ON YOUR CONSOLE!</h1>这是Mohsen 答案的简单扩展，作为一个清晰而简短的示例。
他所有的 React 函数都封装成一个React()，添加了一个函数removeEventListener()，整个示例呈现为一个 HTML 文件（或在JSFiddle上查看）。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8 />
<title>JS Bin</title>
<!--https://jsfiddle.net/romleon/qs26o3p8/-->
</head>
<body>
<script>
function Reactor() {
function Event(name) {
this.name = name;
this.callbacks = [];
}
Event.prototype.registerCallback = function(callback) {
this.callbacks.push(callback);
};
Event.prototype.unregisterCallback = function(callback) {
var array = this.callbacks,
index = array.indexOf(callback);
if (index > -1)
array.splice(index, 1);
}
this.events = {};
this.registerEvent = function(eventName) {
var event = new Event(eventName);
this.events[eventName] = event;
};
this.dispatchEvent = function(eventName, eventArgs) {
var events = this.events
if (events[eventName]) {
events[eventName].callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {
callback(eventArgs);
});
}
else
console.error("WARNING: can't dispatch " + '"' + eventName + '"')
};
this.addEventListener = function(eventName, callback) {
this.events[eventName].registerCallback(callback);
};
this.removeEventListener = function(eventName, callback) {
var events = this.events
if (events[eventName]) {
events[eventName].unregisterCallback(callback);
delete events[eventName];
}
else
console.error("ERROR: can't delete " + '"' + eventName + '"')
};
}
/*
demo of creating
*/
var reactor = new Reactor();
reactor.registerEvent('big bang');
reactor.registerEvent('second bang');
/*
demo of using
*/
log("-- add 2 event's listeners for 'big bang' and 1 for 'second bang'")
var callback1 = function() {
log('This is big bang listener')
}
reactor.addEventListener('big bang', callback1);
reactor.addEventListener('big bang', function() {
log('This is another big bang listener')
});
reactor.addEventListener('second bang', function() {
log('This is second bang!')
});
log("-- dipatch 'big bang' and 'second bang'")
reactor.dispatchEvent('big bang');
reactor.dispatchEvent('second bang');
log("-- remove first listener (with callback1)")
reactor.removeEventListener('big bang', callback1);
log("-- dipatch 'big bang' and 'second bang' again")
reactor.dispatchEvent('big bang');
reactor.dispatchEvent('second bang');
function log(txt) {
document.body.innerHTML += txt + '<br/>'
console.log(txt)
}
</script>
</body>
</html>