老实说，我已经搜索和搜索，虽然可能有一个类似问题的现有答案，但我似乎无法找到它。那说：
我在两个不同的工作簿中有数据，我需要从每周生成的文件中选定数量的非连续列中复制数据，并将其附加到主文件中现有数据的特定列
我每周都会收到一个名为 results.data.xls 的新文件，它包含 5 列具有可变记录数的数据 - 有时可能是两行，有时可能是 200+
我希望能够复制出现在 results.data.xls 中的列“B”（'PRODUCT_FORMAT_CAPACITY'）、列“D”（'CUSTOMER'）和列“E”（BILLTO_CUSTOMER_NUM）中的数据，并将其附加到 master 中类似标题的列中的现有数据.data.xls
录制宏并没有让我走得太远，因为我显然无法理解附加数据的需要 - 我已经看到 VBA 命令可以实现这一点，但我不知道如何将简单的录制修改为让它做我需要的
宏记录器非常适合发现复杂的单语句键盘命令的语法。但是，如果您执行 A 然后 B 然后 C，记录器将这些记录为三个完全独立的命令，即使它们是单个命令的阶段。
测试下面的代码：
您不会说您是编程新手还是 VBA 新手。我假设您是编程新手。下面的大部分代码都是关于检查您的假设，如果事情不符合预期，则优雅地失败。
有几种替代技术可用于查找最底行或最右列，但在每种情况下都不起作用。我为下面的代码选择了其中一种技术。有关一些替代方案的演示，请参阅我的这个答案：https ://stackoverflow.com/a/18220846/973283 。
希望这可以帮助。
' "Option Explicit" stops a mispelt name becoming a declaration. Without
' "Option Explicit" the following will define a new variable Conut. Such
' errors can be very difficult to find:
' Dim Count As Long
' Conut = Count + 1
Option Explicit
' Use constants for values that will not change during a run of the macro
' particularly if you have to use them several times or if purpose of the
' value is not obvious. "Cells(Row,2)" is a lot harder to understand than
' "Cells(Row,ColResultProduct)". I have used WBkMasterName several times.
' If the workbook is renamed, changing the constant declaration fixes the
' problem.
Const ColResultProduct As Long = 2
Const ColBillToName As String = "BILLTO_CUSTOMER_NUM"
Const ColCustomerName As String = "CUSTOMER"
Const ColProductName As String = "PRODUCT_FORMAT_CAPACITY"
Const WBkMasterName As String = "master.data.xls"
Const WBkResultName As String = "results.data.xls"
Const WShtMasterName As String = "Combined"
Const WShtResultName As String = "Week"
' My naming convention is ABC where A is the type (Col for column, WBk for
' workbook, etc), B identifies the particular A (for example, for Col, B
' identifies the worksheet) and C identifies which AB if there is more than
' one (for ColMaster I have ColMasterProduct, ColMasterBillTo, ColMasterCrnt
' (Crnt = Current), etc. You may not like my naming convention. Fine, pick
' your own or, better still, agree one with colleagues. Conventions mean
' you can look at the program you wrote twelve months ago or your colleague
' wrote and understand the variables.
' My comments tell you my objective or my reason for selecting method A and
' not B. They do not explain VBA syntax. For example, once you know the
' Workbooks.Open statement exists, it is easy to find an explanation of its
' syntax within the VBA help or via an internet search,
Sub Demo()
Dim ColMasterBillTo As Long
Dim ColMasterCrnt As Long
Dim ColMasterCustomer As Long
Dim ColMasterLast As Long
Dim ColMasterProduct As Long
Dim ColResultBillTo As Long
Dim ColResultCustomer As String
Dim CountMasterColFoundCrnt As Long
Dim CountMasterColFoundTotal As Long
Dim InxWBkCrnt As Long
Dim PathCrnt As String
Dim RngResult As Range
Dim RowMasterNext As Long
Dim RowResultLast As Long
Dim TempStg As String
Dim WBkMaster As Workbook
Dim WBkResult As Workbook
Dim WShtMaster As Worksheet
Dim WShtResult As Worksheet
' ThisWorkbook identifies the workbook containing the macro.
' I will assume the data workbooks are in the same folder as
' the macro workbook.
PathCrnt = ThisWorkbook.Path
' You do not want to run this macro when someone has the data workbooks open
' so check for them being within the collection of open workbooks.
For InxWBkCrnt = 1 To Workbooks.Count
If Workbooks(InxWBkCrnt).Name = WBkMasterName Then
Call MsgBox("Please close workbook '" & WBkMasterName & _
"' before running this macro.", vbOKOnly)
Exit Sub
End If
If Workbooks(InxWBkCrnt).Name = WBkResultName Then
Call MsgBox("Please close workbook '" & WBkResultName & _
"' before running this macro.", vbOKOnly)
Exit Sub
End If
Next
' The next blocks of code check that the workbooks exist and contain the
' expected worksheets with the expected columns. You may think that this
' code is unnecessary and I hope you are right. However, if something is
' wrong, do you want your macro to fail unexpectedly with a yellow statement
' and an error message a programmer may find difficult to understand or
' corrupt data because columns have moved or do you want the macro to close
' tidily with an error message that the user understands?
' "On Error Resume Next" Statement "On Error GoTo 0" switches off normal
' error processing for "Statement". You can then check if "Statement"
' has had the expected result. Some statements set Err.Number and
' Err.Description if they fail but Workbooks.Open does not.
' You can use Dir$() to check for the file existing but (1) I think the
' approach below is marginally easier and (2) Dir$() checks for existence
' not openability.
' Try to open data workbooks. Report failure to the user.
On Error Resume Next
Workbooks.Open PathCrnt & "\" & WBkMasterName
On Error GoTo 0
If ActiveWorkbook.Name = ThisWorkbook.Name Then
Call MsgBox("I was unable to open workbook " & _
WBkMasterName & "'.", vbOKOnly)
Exit Sub
End If
Set WBkMaster = ActiveWorkbook
On Error Resume Next
Workbooks.Open PathCrnt & "\" & WBkResultName
On Error GoTo 0
If ActiveWorkbook.Name = WBkMaster.Name Then
Call MsgBox("I was unable to open workbook '" & _
WBkResultName & "'.", vbOKOnly)
' Tidy up by closing open workbook and releasing resource
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
Set WBkResult = ActiveWorkbook
' Try to reference worksheets
With WBkMaster
On Error Resume Next
Set WShtMaster = .Worksheets(WShtMasterName)
On Error GoTo 0
If WShtMaster Is Nothing Then
Call MsgBox("Workbook '" & WBkMasterName & "' does not contain " & _
"worksheet '" & WShtMasterName & "'.", vbOKOnly)
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Set WBkResult = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
End With
With WBkResult
On Error Resume Next
Set WShtResult = .Worksheets(WShtResultName)
On Error GoTo 0
If WShtResult Is Nothing Then
Call MsgBox("Workbook '" & WBkResultName & "' does not contain " & _
"worksheet '" & WShtResultName & "'.", vbOKOnly)
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Set WBkResult = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
End With
With WShtResult
' I have defined 'ColResultProduct' with a constant. That will be the best
' approach unless you know to expect a particular type of change.
' I use "Debug.Assert Boolean-expression" extensively during development.
' In particular, I place "Debug.Assert False" above every alternative path
' through my code. When I hit a "Debug.Assert False" during testing, I
' comment it out. If any remain at the end of testing I know that either
' my testing was not as thorough as it should be or I have allowed for
' a situation that does not exist. Either way, the code needs review.
' Leaving a "Debug.Assert" statement in code you release to users would be
' very unprofessional.
Debug.Assert .Cells(1, ColResultProduct).Value = ColProductName
' In a Cells object, the column can be a number or a letter. Use whichever
' you prefer. I do not like statements like this buried in the code. This
' should be a constant statement at the top of the module.
ColResultCustomer = "D"
If .Cells(1, ColResultCustomer).Value <> ColCustomerName Then
' Note the use of property Address as an easy way of converting a VBA
' style address to a user style address. Note also the use of Replace to
' remove the dollar signs from "$D$1" to give "D1"
Call MsgBox("Cell " & Replace(.Cells(1, ColResultCustomer).Address, "$", "") _
& " of worksheet '" & WShtResultName & "' of workbook '" & _
WBkResultName & "' is not " & ColCustomerName & ".", vbOKOnly)
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Set WBkResult = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
ColResultBillTo = 5 ' Again, this should be a constant
If .Cells(1, ColResultBillTo).Value <> ColBillToName Then
Call MsgBox("Cell " & Replace(.Cells(1, ColResultBillTo).Address, "$", "") _
& " of worksheet '" & WShtResultName & "' of workbook '" & _
WBkResultName & "' is not " & ColBillToName & ".", vbOKOnly)
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Set WBkResult = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
End With
With WShtMaster
' Do not consider anything like this code unless columns are moved
' regularly. It is so easy to waste time preparing for situations that will
' never occur. You could amend three constants many times more quickly than
' you can get code like this debugged. I have code like this because I
' have situations in which columns moving is likely to occur and I do
' not want my diverse users coming back to me when it does.
ColMasterLast = .Cells(1, Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft).Column
CountMasterColFoundTotal = 0
ColMasterBillTo = 0
ColMasterCustomer = 0
ColMasterProduct = 0
' Look for the three headers and record their columns. Record
' number of headers found.
For ColMasterCrnt = 1 To ColMasterLast
If .Cells(1, ColMasterCrnt).Value = ColBillToName Then
CountMasterColFoundTotal = CountMasterColFoundTotal + 1
ColMasterBillTo = ColMasterCrnt
ElseIf .Cells(1, ColMasterCrnt).Value = ColCustomerName Then
CountMasterColFoundTotal = CountMasterColFoundTotal + 1
ColMasterCustomer = ColMasterCrnt
ElseIf .Cells(1, ColMasterCrnt).Value = ColProductName Then
CountMasterColFoundTotal = CountMasterColFoundTotal + 1
ColMasterProduct = ColMasterCrnt
End If
Next
If CountMasterColFoundTotal <> 3 Then
' One or more column has not been found
CountMasterColFoundCrnt = 3
TempStg = "I cannot find column headings"
If ColMasterProduct = 0 Then
'Debug.Assert False
TempStg = TempStg & " " & ColProductName
CountMasterColFoundCrnt = CountMasterColFoundCrnt - 1
If CountMasterColFoundCrnt - 1 >= CountMasterColFoundTotal Then
'Debug.Assert False
TempStg = TempStg & " or"
'Else
'Debug.Assert False
End If
'Else
'Debug.Assert False
End If
If ColMasterCustomer = 0 Then
'Debug.Assert False
TempStg = TempStg & " " & ColCustomerName
CountMasterColFoundCrnt = CountMasterColFoundCrnt - 1
If CountMasterColFoundCrnt - 1 >= CountMasterColFoundTotal Then
'Debug.Assert False
TempStg = TempStg & " or"
'Else
Debug.Assert False
End If
'Else
'Debug.Assert False
End If
If ColMasterBillTo = 0 Then
'Debug.Assert False
TempStg = TempStg & " " & ColBillToName
'Else
'Debug.Assert False
End If
TempStg = TempStg & " in row 1 of worksheet '" & _
WShtMasterName & "' of workbook '" & WBkMasterName & "'."
Call MsgBox(TempStg, vbOKOnly)
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=False
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
Set WBkMaster = Nothing
Set WBkResult = Nothing
Exit Sub
End If
End With
' If get here then both workbooks are as required.
' Find last row of results worksheet and next row of master worksheet
' Copy product column from results to master
With WShtResult
RowResultLast = .UsedRange.Row + .UsedRange.Rows.Count - 1
Set RngResult = .Range(.Cells(2, ColResultProduct), _
.Cells(RowResultLast, ColResultProduct))
End With
With WShtMaster
RowMasterNext = .UsedRange.Row + .UsedRange.Rows.Count
RngResult.Copy Destination:=.Cells(RowMasterNext, ColMasterProduct)
End With
' Copy customer column from results to master
With WShtResult
Set RngResult = .Range(.Cells(2, ColResultCustomer), _
.Cells(RowResultLast, ColResultCustomer))
End With
With WShtMaster
RngResult.Copy Destination:=.Cells(RowMasterNext, ColMasterCustomer)
End With
' Copy bill to column from results to master
With WShtResult
Set RngResult = .Range(.Cells(2, ColResultBillTo), _
.Cells(RowResultLast, ColResultBillTo))
End With
With WShtMaster
RngResult.Copy Destination:=.Cells(RowMasterNext, ColMasterBillTo)
End With
WBkMaster.Close SaveChanges:=True
WBkResult.Close SaveChanges:=False
End Sub