我对这个专注于使用结构数组的项目非常迷茫。我们刚刚了解了他们。我想我在浏览了我们的一些实验室并查看了相关问题后了解了它的基础知识：
StackOverflow
传递结构
数组的问题 结构指针数组
如何初始化结构数组？
结构中的数组 在 C++ 中
创建结构数组
如何在 C++ 中初始化结构数组？
Cplusplus
声明结构数组 结构
数组 C++ 程序帮助
结构动态数组的问题
我真的很感谢任何人可以提供的任何建议或帮助。我们被允许使用这个旧实验室（它是在我们完成这个实验室后立即分配的，现在我们已经过去了 3 个实验室）作为起点：
动态数组
// Assignment : Lab
// File : Lab.cpp
// Description : This program will take a text file called words.txt and then swap
// its individual (word)strings. Finally, it will calculate the vowels, consonants,
// digits, and special characters in each string.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
bool isvowel (char aletter);
// const int MAXWORDS = 100;
struct worddata
{
worddata ();
string word;
int vowels;
int consonants;
int digits;
int specialchars;
};
int ReadFile (ifstream & input, worddata * & Words);
void WriteReport(ostream & output, worddata Words [], int count);
void Swap (worddata & a, worddata & b);
void WordSort (worddata W [], int N);
int main (int argc, char * argv [])
{
// Check to see if the user entered a file name
// Exit if no file name
if (argc < 2)
{
cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <filename>\n";
exit (1);
}
// Open the input file
ifstream input (argv[1]);
if (input.fail())
{
cout << "File: " << argv[1] << " not found\n";
exit (2);
}
// Declare a pointer to an array of worddata objects
// to hold the words and their vowel, consonant, digit, and
// special character counts.
// worddata WordArray [MAXWORDS];
worddata * WordArray;
// Call the ReadFile function to read the file, store the
// words in the array and return the number of words read
// from the file.
int count = ReadFile (input, WordArray);
// Call the WordSort function to sort the words into
// alphabetical order.
WordSort (WordArray, count);
// Call the WriteReport function to write the data
// stored in the array in a formatted fashion.
WriteReport (cout, WordArray, count);
return 0;
}
worddata::worddata ()
{
vowels = 0;
consonants = 0;
digits = 0;
specialchars = 0;
}
int ReadFile (ifstream & input, worddata * & Words)
{
int count = 0;
string oneword;
// Read and count the words in the file
while (input >> oneword)
count++;
// Allocate space for the number of words counted by the
// previous loop
Words = new worddata [count];
// Clear the fail flag
input.clear();
// Reposition the file pointer to the beginning of the file
input.seekg (0, ios::beg);
count = 0;
// Read the words from the file into the array
while (input >> Words[count].word)
{
// Count the number of vowels, consonants, digits
// and special characters in the word and store them
// in the object Words [count]
string aword = Words[count].word;
// Number of letters in word
int l = 0;
while (l < aword.length())
{
if (isvowel(aword[l]))
Words[count].vowels++;
else if (isalpha(aword[l]))
Words[count].consonants++;
else if (isdigit(aword[l]))
Words[count].digits++;
else
Words[count].specialchars++;
l++;
}
count++;
}
// Close the file
input.close ();
// Return the size of the Words array
return count;
}
void WriteReport (ostream & output, worddata Words [], int count)
{
worddata totals;
totals.vowels, totals.consonants = 0;
totals.digits, totals.specialchars = 0;
output << setw (14) << left << "Word";
output << setw (8) << right << "Vowels";
output << setw (8) << "Const.";
output << setw (8) << "Digits";
output << setw (8) << "Special" << endl;;
for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
output << setw (14) << left << Words[i].word;
output << setw (8) << right << Words[i].vowels;
totals.vowels += Words[i].vowels;
output << setw (8) << Words[i].consonants;
totals.consonants += Words[i].consonants;
output << setw (8) << Words[i].digits;
totals.digits += Words[i].digits;
output << setw (8) << Words[i].specialchars << endl;
totals.specialchars += Words[i].specialchars;
}
{
output << setw (14) << left << " ";
output << setw (8) << right << "---";
output << setw (8) << "---";
output << setw (8) << "---";
output << setw (8) << "---" << endl;
output << setw (14) << left << "Totals";
output << setw (8) << right << totals.vowels;
output << setw (8) << totals.consonants;
output << setw (8) << totals.digits;
output << setw (8) << totals.specialchars << endl;
}
}
void Swap (worddata & a, worddata & b)
{
worddata t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
void WordSort (worddata W [], int N)
{
int i = 1;
while(i < N)
{
int j = i;
while(j > 0 && W[j].word < W[j-1].word)
{
Swap(W[j], W[j-1]);
j--;
}
i++;
}
}
// Returns true/false depeninding if a letter in a word is a vowel or not
bool isvowel (char aletter)
{
char upcase = toupper (aletter);
if (upcase == 'A' || upcase == 'E' || upcase == 'I' || upcase == 'O' || upcase == 'U')
return true;
return false;
}
这是我到目前为止所写的，没有迷路或被遗忘
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
// const int ListSize = 50;
struct Assignment {
char atype;
string date;
float received;
int possible;
string title;
};
// functions used by main
int ReadFile(ifstream& input, Assignmnent list[], int listSize);
void WriteReport(ostream & output, Assignment list [], int numRecords);
void Swap (Assignment & a, Assignment & b);
void CategorySort (Assignment C [], int N);
int main() {
// Check to see if the user entered a file name
// Exit if no file name
if (argc < 2)
{
cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <filename>\n";
exit (1);
}
// Open the input file
ifstream input (argv[1]);
if (input.fail())
{
cout << "File: " << argv[1] << " not found\n";
exit (2);
}
int numRecords = ReadFile(input, Assignmnent list[], int listSize);
if(numRecords > ListSize+1)
{
cout << "Too Many Records for this program to read" << endl;
system("read");
return -1;
}
// no records?
if(numRecords == 0)
{
cout << "Empty File" << endl;
system("read");
return -1;
}
}
我也知道我可能会使用 getline。就是这样。一旦我有了一个关于如何处理 ReadFile 并声明其中一些范围的大纲，我就会有一种感觉。我只是非常谨慎，不确定是否要开始。此外，如果原型看起来很奇怪，我是基于我在另一所学校的另一个班级看到的实验室，所以我不知道它们是否在这种情况下工作。