objective-c - 使用 OpenCV 的 Apple Mach-O 链接器和多个“未定义符号”错误

Question

我目前是 Objective C 的真正初学者，我正在使用框架 OpenCV 开发一个应用程序。

我正在关注一个教程，但是在构建项目时，我遇到了几个错误：

Undefined symbols for architecture i386:
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::flush()", referenced from:
      cv::gpu::error(char const*, char const*, int, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::sentry(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)", referenced from:
      cv::gpu::error(char const*, char const*, int, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::cerr", referenced from:
      cv::gpu::error(char const*, char const*, int, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::ios_base::clear(unsigned int)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*) in opencv2(gpumat.o)
  "std::__1::__vector_base_common<true>::__throw_length_error() const", referenced from:
      __ZNSt3__16vectorImNS_9allocatorImEEE6assignIPmEENS_9enable_ifIXsr21__is_forward_iteratorIT_EE5valueEvE4typeES7_S7_ in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<unsigned long, std::__1::allocator<unsigned long> >::vector(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<unsigned long, std::__1::allocator<unsigned long> >::__append(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<cv::Vec<float, 2>, std::__1::allocator<cv::Vec<float, 2> > >::vector(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<int, std::__1::allocator<int> >::vector(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<cv::Vec<int, 128>, std::__1::allocator<cv::Vec<int, 128> > >::__append(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      std::__1::vector<cv::Vec<int, 64>, std::__1::allocator<cv::Vec<int, 64> > >::__append(unsigned long) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      cv::Mat::create(int, int const*, int) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      __ZN2cvL7setSizeERNS_3MatEiPKiPKmb in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Range const&, cv::Range const&) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Rect_<int> const&) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Range const*) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::diag(int) const in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(_IplImage const*, bool) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from:
      cv::Mat::create(int, int const*, int) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      __ZN2cvL7setSizeERNS_3MatEiPKiPKmb in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Range const&, cv::Range const&) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Rect_<int> const&) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(cv::Mat const&, cv::Range const*) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::diag(int) const in opencv2(matrix.o)
      cv::Mat::Mat(_IplImage const*, bool) in opencv2(matrix.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::resize(unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
      __ZL8icvCloseP13CvFileStoragePNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS1_11char_traitsIcEENS1_9allocatorIcEEEE in opencv2(persistence.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<wchar_t, std::__1::char_traits<wchar_t>, std::__1::allocator<wchar_t> >::__init(wchar_t const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      cv::toUtf16(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) in opencv2(persistence.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > std::__1::operator+<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::append(char const*)", referenced from:
      cv::tempfile(char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::append(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > std::__1::operator+<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::assign(char const*)", referenced from:
      cv::tempfile(char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
      cv::Exception::Exception(int, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, int) in opencv2(system.o)
      cv::tempfile(char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
      cv::Exception::Exception(cv::Exception const&) in opencv2(system.o)
      cv::operator<<(cv::FileStorage&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) in opencv2(persistence.o)
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::operator=(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
      cv::Exception::formatMessage() in opencv2(system.o)
      cv::tempfile(char const*) in opencv2(system.o)
      cv::operator<<(cv::FileStorage&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) in opencv2(persistence.o)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386

clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

我确信问题来自框架，而不是框架本身，而是它在项目中的链接方式，或者......

我准确地说我已经在 .pch 文件中以这种方式链接它

 #import <Availability.h>

#ifndef __IPHONE_5_0
#warning "This project uses features only available in iOS SDK 5.0 and later."
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
#import <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#endif

#ifdef __OBJC__
    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#endif

真不知道该怎么办。。

编辑：忘了告诉我我将我的 .m 文件重命名为 .mm 并将我的 .h 文件重命名为 .hh 我们还需要做些什么来获得一个客观的 C++ 项目吗？

Answer 1

基于 Cthutu 的回答，将 libc++.dylib 添加到您的项目中：

1. 在您的项目导航器中选择您的项目（蓝色文件）（命令 1，如果它是隐藏的）
2. 选择你的目标
3. 转到构建阶段
4. 展开“将二进制文件与库链接”
5. 点击“+”
6. 在搜索栏中键入 libc++.dylib。
7. 选择 libc++.dylib 文件并按“添加”

Answer 2

您缺少标准 C++ 库。您需要与它链接以获取您遇到错误的 STL 类的所有实现。

将 libc++.dylib 添加到您的项目中。

Answer 3

这实际上似乎隐藏了实际问题：您的 LLVM 编译器默认情况下可能没有选择合适的标准 C++ 库进行编译。你应该去

Project (or your Target) -> Build Settings -> Apple LLVM 6.0 - Language - C++ -> C++ Standard Library

并确保您选择libc++作为您的选择，而不仅仅是Compiler Default，因为现代 OpenCV 库与 libc++ 链接。这将解决您的问题，而无需添加额外的 libc++.dylib。Compiler Default如果您实际上不选择 libc++ 库，则包含 libc++.dylib 框架作为解决方法并不总是有效！

要检查“编译器默认值”是什么，您可以执行以下操作。我的以某种方式选择 c++98 作为默认值。

Answer 4

用户还可以在“Link Binary With Libraries”libc++.tbd中添加if libc++.dylibis not available

谢谢米特什

Answer 5

我有类似的问题，尝试从“其他链接器标志”中删除“-lopencv_ts”