18

我正在使用 Python 中的 Matplotlib 绘制一些 3D 曲面图,并注意到一个烦人的现象。根据我设置视点(相机位置)的方式,垂直 (z) 轴在左侧和右侧之间移动。这里有两个示例:示例 1, Axis left示例 2, Axis right。第一个例子有 ax.view_init(25,-135) 而第二个例子有 ax.view_init(25,-45)。

我想保持观点相同(查看数据的最佳方式)。有没有办法将轴强制到一侧或另一侧?

4

2 回答 2

15

我需要类似的东西:在两侧绘制 zaxis。感谢@crayzeewulf 的回答,我找到了以下解决方法(左侧、右侧或两侧):

在此处输入图像描述

首先根据需要绘制 3d,然后在调用show()wrap之前Axes3D使用 Wrapper 类来简单地覆盖该draw()方法。

Wrapper 类调用只是将某些特征的可见性设置为 False,它自己绘制并最终绘制带有修改过的 PLANES 的 zaxis。这个 Wrapper 类允许您在左侧、右侧或两侧绘制 z 轴。

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('QT4Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d

class MyAxes3D(axes3d.Axes3D):

    def __init__(self, baseObject, sides_to_draw):
        self.__class__ = type(baseObject.__class__.__name__,
                              (self.__class__, baseObject.__class__),
                              {})
        self.__dict__ = baseObject.__dict__
        self.sides_to_draw = list(sides_to_draw)
        self.mouse_init()

    def set_some_features_visibility(self, visible):
        for t in self.w_zaxis.get_ticklines() + self.w_zaxis.get_ticklabels():
            t.set_visible(visible)
        self.w_zaxis.line.set_visible(visible)
        self.w_zaxis.pane.set_visible(visible)
        self.w_zaxis.label.set_visible(visible)

    def draw(self, renderer):
        # set visibility of some features False 
        self.set_some_features_visibility(False)
        # draw the axes
        super(MyAxes3D, self).draw(renderer)
        # set visibility of some features True. 
        # This could be adapted to set your features to desired visibility, 
        # e.g. storing the previous values and restoring the values
        self.set_some_features_visibility(True)

        zaxis = self.zaxis
        draw_grid_old = zaxis.axes._draw_grid
        # disable draw grid
        zaxis.axes._draw_grid = False

        tmp_planes = zaxis._PLANES

        if 'l' in self.sides_to_draw :
            # draw zaxis on the left side
            zaxis._PLANES = (tmp_planes[2], tmp_planes[3],
                             tmp_planes[0], tmp_planes[1],
                             tmp_planes[4], tmp_planes[5])
            zaxis.draw(renderer)
        if 'r' in self.sides_to_draw :
            # draw zaxis on the right side
            zaxis._PLANES = (tmp_planes[3], tmp_planes[2], 
                             tmp_planes[1], tmp_planes[0], 
                             tmp_planes[4], tmp_planes[5])
            zaxis.draw(renderer)

        zaxis._PLANES = tmp_planes

        # disable draw grid
        zaxis.axes._draw_grid = draw_grid_old

def example_surface(ax):
    """ draw an example surface. code borrowed from http://matplotlib.org/examples/mplot3d/surface3d_demo.html """
    from matplotlib import cm
    import numpy as np
    X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
    Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
    R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
    Z = np.sin(R)
    surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
    ax = fig.add_subplot(131, projection='3d')
    ax.set_title('z-axis left side')
    ax = fig.add_axes(MyAxes3D(ax, 'l'))
    example_surface(ax) # draw an example surface
    ax = fig.add_subplot(132, projection='3d')
    ax.set_title('z-axis both sides')
    ax = fig.add_axes(MyAxes3D(ax, 'lr'))
    example_surface(ax) # draw an example surface
    ax = fig.add_subplot(133, projection='3d')
    ax.set_title('z-axis right side')
    ax = fig.add_axes(MyAxes3D(ax, 'r'))
    example_surface(ax) # draw an example surface
    plt.show()
于 2014-08-01T15:15:22.733 回答
11

正如 OP 在下面的评论中指出的那样,下面建议的方法没有为原始问题提供足够的答案。

本说明所述, axis3d中有许多硬编码值,这使得自定义其行为变得困难。所以,我认为在当前的 API 中没有很好的方法来做到这一点。您可以通过修改如下所示的_PLANES参数来“破解”它:zaxis

tmp_planes = ax.zaxis._PLANES 
ax.zaxis._PLANES = ( tmp_planes[2], tmp_planes[3], 
                     tmp_planes[0], tmp_planes[1], 
                     tmp_planes[4], tmp_planes[5])
view_1 = (25, -135)
view_2 = (25, -45)
init_view = view_2
ax.view_init(*init_view)

现在,无论您如何旋转图形,z 轴将始终位于图形的左侧(只要正 z 方向指向上方)。x 轴和 y 轴将继续翻转。您可以使用_PLANES并且可能能够为所有轴获得所需的行为,但这可能会在未来版本的matplotlib.

于 2013-02-24T04:24:15.067 回答