始终使用T.TryParse(string str, out T value)。抛出异常是昂贵的,如果你可以先验地处理这种情况,应该避免。使用 try-catch 块来“节省”性能(因为您的无效数据率很低)是对异常处理的滥用,以牺牲可维护性和良好的编码实践为代价。遵循完善的软件工程开发实践,编写测试用例,运行应用程序,然后进行基准测试和优化。
“我们应该忘记小的效率,比如大约 97% 的时间:过早的优化是万恶之源。但我们不应该放弃那关键的 3% 的机会”——Donald Knuth
因此,您像在碳信用中一样任意指定 try-catch的性能更差,而 TryParse 的性能更好。只有在我们运行我们的应用程序并确定我们有某种类型的字符串解析速度变慢之后,我们才会考虑使用 TryParse 以外的任何东西。
(编辑:因为看起来提问者希望计时数据有好的建议,这里是所要求的计时数据)
来自用户的 10,000 次输入的各种失败率的时间(对于非信徒):
Failure Rate Try-Catch TryParse Slowdown
0% 00:00:00.0131758 00:00:00.0120421 0.1
10% 00:00:00.1540251 00:00:00.0087699 16.6
20% 00:00:00.2833266 00:00:00.0105229 25.9
30% 00:00:00.4462866 00:00:00.0091487 47.8
40% 00:00:00.6951060 00:00:00.0108980 62.8
50% 00:00:00.7567745 00:00:00.0087065 85.9
60% 00:00:00.7090449 00:00:00.0083365 84.1
70% 00:00:00.8179365 00:00:00.0088809 91.1
80% 00:00:00.9468898 00:00:00.0088562 105.9
90% 00:00:01.0411393 00:00:00.0081040 127.5
100% 00:00:01.1488157 00:00:00.0078877 144.6
/// <param name="errorRate">Rate of errors in user input</param>
/// <returns>Total time taken</returns>
public static TimeSpan TimeTryCatch(double errorRate, int seed, int count)
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
Random random = new Random(seed);
string bad_prefix = @"X";
stopwatch.Start();
for(int ii = 0; ii < count; ++ii)
{
string input = random.Next().ToString();
if (random.NextDouble() < errorRate)
{
input = bad_prefix + input;
}
int value = 0;
try
{
value = Int32.Parse(input);
}
catch(FormatException)
{
value = -1; // we would do something here with a logger perhaps
}
}
stopwatch.Stop();
return stopwatch.Elapsed;
}
/// <param name="errorRate">Rate of errors in user input</param>
/// <returns>Total time taken</returns>
public static TimeSpan TimeTryParse(double errorRate, int seed, int count)
{
Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
Random random = new Random(seed);
string bad_prefix = @"X";
stopwatch.Start();
for(int ii = 0; ii < count; ++ii)
{
string input = random.Next().ToString();
if (random.NextDouble() < errorRate)
{
input = bad_prefix + input;
}
int value = 0;
if (!Int32.TryParse(input, out value))
{
value = -1; // we would do something here with a logger perhaps
}
}
stopwatch.Stop();
return stopwatch.Elapsed;
}
public static void TimeStringParse()
{
double errorRate = 0.1; // 10% of the time our users mess up
int count = 10000; // 10000 entries by a user
TimeSpan trycatch = TimeTryCatch(errorRate, 1, count);
TimeSpan tryparse = TimeTryParse(errorRate, 1, count);
Console.WriteLine("trycatch: {0}", trycatch);
Console.WriteLine("tryparse: {0}", tryparse);
}