在 Windows 上，您只能看到可移动媒体上的第一个分区。我想编写一个 C++ 程序，该程序可以将包含 MBR 和 2 个数据分区的图像写入 USB 闪存驱动器。我不需要在 Windows 中查看第二个分区——我只需要能够将这个原始图像从 Windows/C++ 写入 USB 闪存驱动器，以便稍后在 Linux 上运行时，可以看到这两个分区。
我已经阅读了有关安装过滤器驱动程序的信息，该驱动程序最终会将可移动媒体视为固定的，这很适合阅读，但我只想在对用户 PC 的干扰最小的情况下编写此图像。我可以从第一个扇区开始访问原始 USB 驱动器，然后只写入 MBR，然后写入两个数据分区吗？
如果您有足够的权限执行此操作，您可以打开一个句柄，通过使用CreateFile类似\\.\PhysicalDrive2.
您需要找出物理驱动器号。如果您有驱动器号，您可以使用类似文件名打开卷句柄\\?\D:，然后用于IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS确定与卷关联的物理驱动器号。
您可能需要先卸载现有卷（如果有）。我不确定最好的方法是什么，但您可以尝试使用IOCTL_VOLUME_OFFLINE.
编辑：这是我用于磁盘映像的一些代码，尽管我不记得我是否曾经在 USB 磁盘上尝试过它。公共领域，但没有明示或暗示的保证等。（查看代码我注意到我没有明确检查扇区大小以确保缓冲区和读/写操作正确对齐。这应该'在实践中不是问题，因为常用的最大扇区大小是 4K，这也是 Windows 上的内存页面大小。但是，在生产代码中，您应该始终明确确定相关设备的扇区大小并确保正确对齐因此。）
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define dump_buffersize_megs 16
#define dump_buffersize (dump_buffersize_megs * 1024 * 1024)
#define dump_workingsetsize ((dump_buffersize_megs + 1) * 1024 * 1024)
DWORD save(const wchar_t * source_device_name, const wchar_t * filename) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hdevice, houtput;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION source_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY source_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.\n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
hdevice = CreateFile
(
source_device_name,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (hdevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input device.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking input volume.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&source_diskgeometry,
sizeof(source_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting device geometry.\n", err);
return err;
}
switch (source_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&source_disklength,
sizeof(source_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting input device length.\n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "\nInput disk has %I64i bytes.\n\n", source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
source_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
source_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
source_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"\n"
"Input device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not a\n"
"floppy disk the calculated size will probably be incorrect, resulting\n"
"in an incomplete copy.\n"
"\n"
"Input disk has %I64i bytes.\n"
"\n",
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
filename,
GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u creating output file.\n", err);
return err;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(source_disklength.Length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hdevice, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hdevice, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.\n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output file.\n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.\n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (!ReadFile(hdevice, buffer, source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk past end of file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hdevice, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u reading from input disk past end of file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count == 0)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("WARNING: the expected amount of data was successfully copied,\n"
"but end of file not detected on input disk. The copy might\n"
"not be complete.");
return ERROR_MORE_DATA;
}
DWORD write(const wchar_t * filename, const wchar_t * target_device_name) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hinput, houtput;
WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fad;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
LARGE_INTEGER filelength;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION target_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY target_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER transfer_length;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.\n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetFileAttributesEx(filename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fad))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u reading input file attributes.\n", err);
return err;
}
filelength.HighPart = fad.nFileSizeHigh;
filelength.LowPart = fad.nFileSizeLow;
fprintf(stderr, "\nInput file has %I64i bytes.\n", filelength.QuadPart);
hinput = CreateFile
(
filename,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL
);
if (hinput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input file.\n", err);
return err;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
target_device_name,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening output device.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking volume.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&target_diskgeometry,
sizeof(target_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device geometry.\n", err);
return err;
}
switch (target_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&target_disklength,
sizeof(target_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device length.\n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Output disk has %I64i bytes.\n\n", target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
target_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
target_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
target_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
target_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"\n"
"Output device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not a\n"
"floppy disk the calculated output device size is probably incorrect,\n"
"which might result in an incomplete copy.\n"
"\n"
"Output disk has %I64i bytes.\n"
"\n",
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
if (filelength.QuadPart == target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
transfer_length.QuadPart = filelength.QuadPart;
}
else if (filelength.QuadPart < target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Image is smaller than target. Part of the target will not be written to.\n\n");
transfer_length.QuadPart = filelength.QuadPart;
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Image is larger than target. Part of the image will not be copied.\n\n");
transfer_length.QuadPart = target_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating read from input file.\n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.\n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.\n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
printf("Write successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
DWORD clone(const wchar_t * source_device_name, const wchar_t * target_device_name) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hinput, houtput;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION source_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY source_diskgeometry;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION target_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY target_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER transfer_length;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
DWORD result;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.\n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.\n", err);
return err;
}
hinput = CreateFile
(
source_device_name,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (hinput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input device.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking input volume.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&source_diskgeometry,
sizeof(source_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting device geometry.\n", err);
return err;
}
switch (source_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&source_disklength,
sizeof(source_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting input device length.\n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "\nInput disk has %I64i bytes.\n", source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
source_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
source_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
source_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"\n"
"Input device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not a\n"
"floppy disk the calculated disk size is probably incorrect, resulting\n"
"in an incomplete copy.\n"
"\n"
"Input disk has %I64i bytes.\n",
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
target_device_name,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening output device.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking output volume.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&target_diskgeometry,
sizeof(target_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device geometry.\n", err);
return err;
}
switch (target_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&target_disklength,
sizeof(target_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device length.\n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Output disk has %I64i bytes.\n\n", target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
target_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
target_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
target_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
target_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"\n"
"Output device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not a\n"
"floppy disk the calculated output device size is probably incorrect,\n"
"which might result in an incomplete copy.\n"
"\n"
"Output disk has %I64i bytes.\n"
"\n",
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart == target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
transfer_length.QuadPart = source_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
else if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart < target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
printf("Input shorter than output. Part of the output disk will not be written to.\n\n");
transfer_length.QuadPart = source_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
else
{
printf("Output shorter than input. Copy will be truncated to output length.\n\n");
transfer_length.QuadPart = target_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u initiating read from input file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.\n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output disk.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.\n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.\n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
if (transfer_length.QuadPart == source_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk past end of file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u reading from input disk past end of file.\n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count == 0)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
printf("WARNING: the expected amount of data was successfully copied,\n"
"but end of file not detected on input disk. The copy might\n"
"not be complete.");
result = ERROR_MORE_DATA;
return 0;
}
printf("Copy successfully completed.\n");
return 0;
}
int wmain(int argc, wchar_t ** argv)
{
if (argc < 4)
{
printf("Syntax: \n"
"To save an image of a physical drive:\n"
"diskimage /save \\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0 file.img\n"
"diskimage /save \\\\.\\A: file.img\n"
"To write from an image file to a physical drive:\n"
"diskimage /write file.img \\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0\n"
"diskimage /write file.img \\\\.\\A:\n"
"To clone input drive 0 to output drive 1:\n"
"diskimage /clone \\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0 \\\\.\\PhysicalDrive1\n"
);
return 1;
}
if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/save") == 0)
{
return save(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/write") == 0)
{
return write(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/clone") == 0)
{
return clone(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else
{
printf("Invalid argument. Use /? for syntax help.\n");
return 1;
}
}