amazon-web-services - AWS EC2 可用区到底在哪里？

Question

我正在尝试为我的目标受众创建一个延迟最低的服务器。我明白区域和可用区之间的区别（我认为）。听起来可用区位于不同的城市。他们究竟在哪里？

Answer 1

Amazon 在公共信息方面提供的最好的信息是他们的 EC2 FAQ。如果您想要尽可能低的延迟，您是否可以不只是从目标位置 ping 每个可用区域中的服务器并以这种方式找到最低延迟？无论如何，不​​能保证物理接近 == 最低延迟。

Answer 2

您可以假设同一区域中的所有可用区都具有相似的延迟。（因为它们都非常接近）。此外，据我所知，所有用户的可用区都没有必要。（即 us-east-1a 可以是不同用户的不同数据中心）

Answer 3

要为您的用户实现最佳体验，您应该选择地理上离您的用户最近的区域。AWS 区域内的 EC2 可用区应有效地为外部用户提供相同的延迟（与部署在同一区域或 AZ 内的其他服务作为您自己的服务不同）。所有 AZ 都与其地理区域内的 Internet 基础设施高度互连。在该区域内，您理想地希望构建您的应用程序，以便跨多个 AZ 复制其组件以实现最佳可用性。

顾名思义，可用区主要是一种可用性/可靠性构造：通过跨多个 AZ 部署应用程序，您可以保护自己免受某些故障模式的影响。AWS EC2 向客户做出的承诺是，任何两个 AZ 都不应因相关原因同时发生故障。

可用区由非常接近的一个或多个数据中心组成，因此延迟足够低，高度分布式应用程序可以以“本地网络”速度有效运行。区域是彼此足够接近的此类 AZ 的集合。但是，由于它们需要通过距离有意义地彼此分开，因此光速意味着跨AZ 的最小延迟更高。Peter DeSantis 在他的 re:Invent 2018 主题演讲中很好地分解了它。

这在技术上是不准确的，但可能是一个有用的简化模型：您可以将 AZ 视为“逻辑数据中心”，将区域视为“同一都市区域内的数据中心组”。像同步复制这样的功能可能在 AZ 中运行良好，但您可能应该更加小心地创建跨 AZ 的拓扑。相反，对于对延迟非常敏感的集群应用程序，例如消息传递计算网格，您可以选择使用 EC2 置放群组来确保 AZ 内部拓扑内的最佳位置。确切的延迟数字会因地区而异，您应该进行自己的测量以告知您的架构决策。

Answer 4

您可以在此 Amazon 文档页面上阅读可用区未映射到特定位置：

为了确保资源分布在一个区域的可用区中，我们独立地将可用区映射到每个账户的标识符。例如，您的可用区 us-east-1a 可能与另一个账户的 us-east-1a 位置不同。请注意，您无法在账户之间协调可用区。

UPADTE：根据下面的Pavel评论，请注意，现在您可以为可用区使用唯一标识符 AZ ID：要跨账户协调可用区，您必须使用 AZ ID，它是可用区的唯一且一致的标识符。例如，use1-az1 是 us-east-1 区域的 AZ ID，它在每个 AWS 账户中具有相同的位置。来源aws 文档

Answer 5

如果您为在不同可用区启动的一堆实例查询一个 IP 地址到位置映射服务，您最终会得到一个类似于以下的映射：

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      "name": "Quebec"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Montréal"
    },
    "postcode": "H2Y 2J7"
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    "longitude": -73.56201171875,
    "latitude": 45.502079010009766,
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      "name": "North America"
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      "name": "Canada",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "QC",
      "name": "Quebec"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Montréal"
    },
    "postcode": "H2Y 2J7"
  },
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    "az": "eu-central-1c",
    "longitude": 8.682100296020508,
    "latitude": 50.11090087890625,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
    },
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      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Germany",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "HE",
      "name": "Hesse"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Frankfurt am Main"
    },
    "postcode": 60311
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-north-1a",
    "longitude": 18.051319122314453,
    "latitude": 59.315120697021484,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
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      "code": "SE",
      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
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    "longitude": 18.051319122314453,
    "latitude": 59.315120697021484,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
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      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
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    "az": "eu-north-1c",
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    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
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      "code": "SE",
      "name": "Sweden",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "AB",
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Stockholm"
    },
    "postcode": "118 58"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-south-1a",
    "longitude": 9.192000389099121,
    "latitude": 45.47200012207031,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
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      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": ""
    },
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      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
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    },
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  },
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    "continent": {
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      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
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      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20121
  },
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    "latitude": 45.48379898071289,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Italy",
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    },
    "region": {
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      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20124
  },
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    "latitude": 45.47200012207031,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
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      "name": "Italy",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": 25,
      "name": "Lombardy"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Milan"
    },
    "postcode": 20121
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-1a",
    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
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      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
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      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
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    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
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      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "L",
      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-1c",
    "longitude": -6.243330001831055,
    "latitude": 53.35388946533203,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "L",
      "name": "Leinster"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Dublin"
    },
    "postcode": null
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-2c",
    "longitude": -0.12574,
    "latitude": 51.5122184753418,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "ENG",
      "name": "England"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Blackheath"
    },
    "postcode": "EC1M"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-2c",
    "longitude": 0,
    "latitude": 51.5122184753418,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "ENG",
      "name": "England"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Blackheath"
    },
    "postcode": "EC1M"
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-3a",
    "longitude": 2.3410699367523193,
    "latitude": 48.8602294921875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "IDF",
      "name": "Île-de-France"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Saint-Ouen"
    },
    "postcode": 75001
  },
  {
    "az": "eu-west-3c",
    "longitude": 2.3410699367523193,
    "latitude": 48.8602294921875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "Europe"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "IDF",
      "name": "Île-de-France"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Saint-Ouen"
    },
    "postcode": 75001
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1b",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "North America"
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      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1c",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1d",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
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      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
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      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-1f",
    "longitude": -77.47419738769531,
    "latitude": 39.043701171875,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Ashburn"
    },
    "postcode": 20147
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-2b",
    "longitude": -82.99945831298828,
    "latitude": 39.99557876586914,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Columbus"
    },
    "postcode": 43201
  },
  {
    "az": "us-east-2c",
    "longitude": -82.99945831298828,
    "latitude": 39.99557876586914,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OH",
      "name": "Ohio"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Columbus"
    },
    "postcode": 43201
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-1a",
    "longitude": -121.83822631835938,
    "latitude": 37.330528259277344,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "San Jose"
    },
    "postcode": 95122
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-1b",
    "longitude": -121.83822631835938,
    "latitude": 37.330528259277344,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "San Jose"
    },
    "postcode": 95122
  },
  {
    "az": "us-west-2d",
    "longitude": -119.81143188476562,
    "latitude": 45.73722839355469,
    "continent": {
      "code": "NA",
      "name": "North America"
    },
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "flag": ""
    },
    "region": {
      "code": "OR",
      "name": "Oregon"
    },
    "city": {
      "name": "Boardman"
    },
    "postcode": 97818
  }
]

请注意，这不是 az 位置的准确表示。这只是针对多个 ec2 实例的公共 IP 地址运行地理定位查询的结果。