4

这可能是一个简单的问题，但我对 python 和一般编程是全新的。

我正在开发一个简单的程序来将 .mp3 文件从一个位置复制/移动到另一个位置，同时镜像源位置的目录结构。到目前为止我所做的工作，但是即使源文件夹不包含 mp3 文件，它也会在目标位置创建新文件夹。如果源包含 .mp3，我只想创建新目录，否则可能会导致目标中出现一堆空文件夹。

这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

import os
import shutil #Used for copying files

##CONFIG
source_dir = "C:\Users\username\Desktop\iTunes\\" #set the root folder that you want to     scan and move files from.  This script will scan recursively.
destPath = "C:\Users\username\Desktop\converted From iTunes" #set the destination root that you want to move files to.  Any non-existing sub directories will be created.
ext = ".mp3" #set the type of file you want to search for.
count = 0 #initialize counter variable to count number of files moved
##

##FIND FILES
for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(source_dir):

    #set the path for the destination folder(s)
    dest = destPath + dirName.replace(source_dir, '\\') 

    #if the source directory doesn't exist in the destination folder
    #then create a new folder
    if not os.path.isdir(dest):
        os.mkdir(dest)
        print('Directory created at: ' + dest)

    for fname in fileList:
        if fname.endswith(ext) :
            #determine source & new file locations
            oldLoc = dirName + '\\' + fname
            newLoc = dest + '\\' + fname

            if os.path.isfile(newLoc): # check to see if the file already exists.  If it does print out a message saying so.
                print ('file "' + newLoc + fname + '" already exists')

            if not os.path.isfile(newLoc): #if the file doesnt exist then copy it and print out confirmation that is was copied/moved
                try:
                    shutil.move(oldLoc, newLoc)
                    print('File ' + fname + ' copied.')
                    count = count + 1
                except IOError:
                    print('There was an error copying the file:  "' + fname + '"')
                    print 'error'            

print "\n"
print str(count) + " files were moved."
print "\n"

所以如果文件夹结构是这样的：

root->
 band 1->
  album name->
   song.m4a,
   song2.m4a

现在它将在目标目录中创建所有这些文件夹，即使没有要复制的 .mp3 文件.....

任何帮助表示赞赏！

4

3 回答 3

1

我想我会为这种事情创建自己的副本包装器：

def fcopy(src,dest):
    """
    Copy file from source to dest.  dest can include an absolute or relative path
    If the path doesn't exist, it gets created
    """
    dest_dir = os.path.dirname(dest)
    try:
        os.makedirs(dest_dir)
    except os.error as e:
        pass #Assume it exists.  This could fail if you don't have permissions, etc...
    shutil.copy(src,dest)

.mp3现在您可以在任何文件上调用此函数的树。

于 2013-02-15T03:22:39.177 回答
0

不会shutils.copytree用更少的行做你想做的事吗？

于 2013-02-15T03:18:47.637 回答
0

对于您现有的代码，我能想到的最简单的事情就是让它跳过其中没有任何 .mp3 文件的任何文件夹。这可以通过将以下项目和if语句添加到循环顶部来轻松完成。和函数可以一起使用以简化检查具有适当扩展名的文件itertools.ifilter()。fnmatch.fnmatch()

from itertools import ifilter
from fnmatch import fnmatch

ext = '.mp3'
fnPattern = '*'+ext

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(source_dir):
    if not any(ifilter(lambda fname: fnmatch(fname, fnPattern), fileList)):
        print '  skipping "{}"'.format(dirName)
        continue
    ...

您还必须进一步更改代码中的os.mkdir(dest)toos.makedirs(dest)以确保在需要将文件复制到目标目录的相应子分支时创建早期迭代跳过的任何子目录。

您可以通过创建和保存具有扩展名的匹配文件的可能为空的迭代器来稍微优化一下，然后稍后再次使用它来确定要复制的文件：

from itertools import ifilter
from fnmatch import fnmatch

ext = '.mp3'
fnPattern = '*'+ext

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(source_dir):

    # generate list of files in directory with desired extension
    matches = ifilter(lambda fname: fnmatch(fname, fnPattern), fileList)

    # skip subdirectory if it does not contain any files of interest
    if not matches:
        continue
    ...
    ... create destination directory with os.makedirs()
    ...
    #  copy each file to destination directory
    for fname in matches:
      ... copy file
于 2013-02-15T04:55:36.807 回答