我发现使用scipy.optimize.fsolve实现自己的根查找器相对容易。
想法:通过不断地调用改变来从区间(start, stop)
和步长中找到任何零。使用相对较小的步长来找到所有 的根。step
fsolve
x0
只能在一个维度上搜索零(其他维度必须是固定的)。如果您有其他需求,我建议使用sympy来计算解析解。
注意:它可能并不总能找到所有的零,但我看到它给出了相对较好的结果。我也把代码放到了gist中,如果需要我会更新。
import numpy as np
import scipy
from scipy.optimize import fsolve
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# Defined below
r = RootFinder(1, 20, 0.01)
args = (90, 5)
roots = r.find(f, *args)
print("Roots: ", roots)
# plot results
u = np.linspace(1, 20, num=600)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(u, f(u, *args))
ax.scatter(roots, f(np.array(roots), *args), color="r", s=10)
ax.grid(color="grey", ls="--", lw=0.5)
plt.show()
示例输出:
Roots: [ 2.84599497 8.82720551 12.38857782 15.74736542 19.02545276]
放大:
RootFinder 定义
import numpy as np
import scipy
from scipy.optimize import fsolve
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
class RootFinder:
def __init__(self, start, stop, step=0.01, root_dtype="float64", xtol=1e-9):
self.start = start
self.stop = stop
self.step = step
self.xtol = xtol
self.roots = np.array([], dtype=root_dtype)
def add_to_roots(self, x):
if (x < self.start) or (x > self.stop):
return # outside range
if any(abs(self.roots - x) < self.xtol):
return # root already found.
self.roots = np.append(self.roots, x)
def find(self, f, *args):
current = self.start
for x0 in np.arange(self.start, self.stop + self.step, self.step):
if x0 < current:
continue
x = self.find_root(f, x0, *args)
if x is None: # no root found.
continue
current = x
self.add_to_roots(x)
return self.roots
def find_root(self, f, x0, *args):
x, _, ier, _ = fsolve(f, x0=x0, args=args, full_output=True, xtol=self.xtol)
if ier == 1:
return x[0]
return None
测试功能
scipy.special.jnjn
不再存在,但我为案例创建了类似的测试功能。
def f(u, V=90, ell=5):
w = np.sqrt(V ** 2 - u ** 2)
jl = scipy.special.jn(ell, u)
jl1 = scipy.special.yn(ell - 1, u)
kl = scipy.special.kn(ell, w)
kl1 = scipy.special.kn(ell - 1, w)
return jl / (u * jl1) + kl / (w * kl1)