这似乎是一个非常简单的问题:如何删除 a 中的第一个(第 n 个)类型std::tuple
?
例子:
typedef std::tuple<int, short, double> tuple1;
typedef std::tuple<short, double> tuple2;
上述操作将转换tuple1
为tuple2
. 是否可以?
您可以使用基于类模板的部分特化的简单类型函数:
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
struct remove_first_type
{
};
template<typename T, typename... Ts>
struct remove_first_type<tuple<T, Ts...>>
{
typedef tuple<Ts...> type;
};
int main()
{
typedef tuple<int, bool, double> my_tuple;
typedef remove_first_type<my_tuple>::type my_tuple_wo_first_type;
static_assert(
is_same<my_tuple_wo_first_type, tuple<bool, double>>::value,
"Error!"
);
}
此外,这个解决方案可以很容易地推广到删除第i 个类型的元组:
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
using namespace std;
template<size_t I, typename T>
struct remove_ith_type
{
};
template<typename T, typename... Ts>
struct remove_ith_type<0, tuple<T, Ts...>>
{
typedef tuple<Ts...> type;
};
template<size_t I, typename T, typename... Ts>
struct remove_ith_type<I, tuple<T, Ts...>>
{
typedef decltype(
tuple_cat(
declval<tuple<T>>(),
declval<typename remove_ith_type<I - 1, tuple<Ts...>>::type>()
)
) type;
};
int main()
{
typedef tuple<int, bool, double> my_tuple;
typedef remove_ith_type<1, my_tuple>::type my_tuple_wo_2nd_type;
static_assert(
is_same<my_tuple_wo_2nd_type, tuple<int, double>>::value,
"Error!"
);
}
我写了一个提案,该提案被 C++14 标准接受,使得任何“类元组”类型都非常容易实现,即支持tuple_size
和tuple_element
API 的类型:
template<typename T, typename Seq>
struct tuple_cdr_impl;
template<typename T, std::size_t I0, std::size_t... I>
struct tuple_cdr_impl<T, std::index_sequence<I0, I...>>
{
using type = std::tuple<typename std::tuple_element<I, T>::type...>;
};
template<typename T>
struct tuple_cdr
: tuple_cdr_impl<T, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value>>
{ };
您只需几个函数就可以将元组对象转换为新类型:
template<typename T, std::size_t I0, std::size_t... I>
typename tuple_cdr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type
cdr_impl(T&& t, std::index_sequence<I0, I...>)
{
return std::make_tuple(std::get<I>(t)...);
}
template<typename T>
typename tuple_cdr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type
cdr(T&& t)
{
return cdr_impl(std::forward<T>(t),
std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value>{});
}
这将创建一个整数序列[0,1,2,...,N)
where N
is tuple_size<T>::value
,然后使用make_tuple(get<I>(t)...)
for I
in创建一个新元组[1,2,...,N)
测试它:
using tuple1 = std::tuple<int, short, double>;
using tuple2 = std::tuple<short, double>;
using transformed = decltype(cdr(std::declval<tuple1>()));
static_assert(std::is_same<transformed, tuple2>::value, "");
static_assert(std::is_same<tuple_cdr<tuple1>::type, tuple2>::value, "");
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto t = cdr(std::make_tuple(nullptr, "hello", "world"));
std::cout << std::get<0>(t) << ", " << std::get<1>(t) << '\n';
}
我对该提案的参考实现位于https://gitlab.com/redistd/integer_seq/blob/master/integer_seq.h
我提出了一个与@Andy 提出的解决方案非常相似的解决方案,但是通过直接处理参数包(使用虚拟包装器)而不是在std::tuple
. 这样,该操作也可以应用于其他可变参数模板,而不仅仅是元组:
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
template <typename... Args> struct pack {};
template <template <typename...> class T, typename Pack>
struct unpack;
template <template <typename...> class T, typename... Args>
struct unpack<T, pack<Args...>>
{
typedef T<Args...> type;
};
template <typename T, typename Pack>
struct prepend;
template <typename T, typename... Args>
struct prepend<T, pack<Args...>>
{
typedef pack<T, Args...> type;
};
template <std::size_t N, typename... Args>
struct remove_nth_type;
template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
struct remove_nth_type<N, T, Ts...>
: prepend<T, typename remove_nth_type<N-1, Ts...>::type>
{};
template <typename T, typename... Ts>
struct remove_nth_type<0, T, Ts...>
{
typedef pack<Ts...> type;
};
template <typename T, int N>
struct remove_nth;
template <template <typename...> class T, int N, typename... Args>
struct remove_nth<T<Args...>, N>
{
typedef typename
unpack<
T, typename
remove_nth_type<N, Args...>::type
>::type type;
};
template <typename... Args>
struct my_variadic_template
{
};
int main()
{
typedef std::tuple<int, bool, double> my_tuple;
typedef remove_nth<my_tuple, 1>::type my_tuple_wo_2nd_type;
static_assert(
is_same<my_tuple_wo_2nd_type, tuple<int, double>>::value,
"Error!"
);
typedef my_variadic_template<int, double> vt;
typedef remove_nth<vt, 0>::type vt_wo_1st_type;
static_assert(
is_same<vt_wo_1st_type, my_variadic_template<double>>::value,
"Error!"
);
}
pack
是一个辅助结构,其唯一目的是存储模板参数包。unpack
然后可以用于将参数解包到任意类模板中(感谢@BenVoigt 的这个技巧)。prepend
只需将类型添加到包中。
remove_nth_type
使用部分模板特化从参数包中删除第 n 个类型,将结果存储到pack
. 最后,remove_nth
获取任意类模板的特化,从其模板参数中删除第 n 个类型,并返回新的特化。
这是针对此任务的过度设计的template
元编程。tuple
它包括通过过滤器对 a 的类型进行任意重新排序/重复/删除的能力template
:
#include <utility>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename... Ts> struct pack {};
template<std::size_t index, typename Pack, typename=void> struct nth_type;
template<typename T0, typename... Ts>
struct nth_type<0, pack<T0, Ts...>, void> { typedef T0 type; };
template<std::size_t index, typename T0, typename... Ts>
struct nth_type<index, pack<T0, Ts...>, typename std::enable_if<(index>0)>::type>:
nth_type<index-1, pack<Ts...>>
{};
template<std::size_t... s> struct seq {};
template<std::size_t n, std::size_t... s>
struct make_seq:make_seq<n-1, n-1, s...> {};
template<std::size_t... s>
struct make_seq<0,s...> {
typedef seq<s...> type;
};
template<typename T, typename Pack> struct conc_pack { typedef pack<T> type; };
template<typename T, typename... Ts> struct conc_pack<T, pack<Ts...>> { typedef pack<T, Ts...> type; };
template<std::size_t n, typename Seq> struct append;
template<std::size_t n, std::size_t... s>
struct append<n, seq<s...>> {
typedef seq<n, s...> type;
};
template<typename S0, typename S1> struct conc;
template<std::size_t... s0, std::size_t... s1>
struct conc<seq<s0...>, seq<s1...>>
{
typedef seq<s0..., s1...> type;
};
template<typename T, typename=void> struct value_exists:std::false_type {};
template<typename T> struct value_exists<T,
typename std::enable_if< std::is_same<decltype(T::value),decltype(T::value)>::value >::type
>:std::true_type {};
template<typename T, typename=void> struct result_exists:std::false_type {};
template<typename T> struct result_exists<T,
typename std::enable_if< std::is_same<typename T::result,typename T::result>::value >::type
>:std::true_type {};
template<template<std::size_t>class filter, typename Seq, typename=void>
struct filter_seq { typedef seq<> type; };
template<template<std::size_t>class filter, std::size_t s0, std::size_t... s>
struct filter_seq<filter, seq<s0, s...>, typename std::enable_if<value_exists<filter<s0>>::value>::type>
: append< filter<s0>::value, typename filter_seq<filter, seq<s...>>::type >
{};
template<template<std::size_t>class filter, std::size_t s0, std::size_t... s>
struct filter_seq<filter, seq<s0, s...>, typename std::enable_if<!value_exists<filter<s0>>::value && result_exists<filter<s0>>::value>::type>
: conc< typename filter<s0>::result, typename filter_seq<filter, seq<s...>>::type >
{};
template<template<std::size_t>class filter, std::size_t s0, std::size_t... s>
struct filter_seq<filter, seq<s0, s...>, typename std::enable_if<!value_exists<filter<s0>>::value && !result_exists<filter<s0>>::value>::type>
: filter_seq<filter, seq<s...>>
{};
template<typename Seq, typename Pack>
struct remap_pack {
typedef pack<> type;
};
template<std::size_t s0, std::size_t... s, typename Pack>
struct remap_pack< seq<s0, s...>, Pack >
{
typedef typename conc_pack< typename nth_type<s0, Pack>::type, typename remap_pack< seq<s...>, Pack >::type >::type type;
};
template<typename Pack>
struct get_indexes { typedef seq<> type; };
template<typename... Ts>
struct get_indexes<pack<Ts...>> {
typedef typename make_seq< sizeof...(Ts) >::type type;
};
template<std::size_t n>
struct filter_zero_out { enum{ value = n }; };
template<>
struct filter_zero_out<0> {};
template<std::size_t n>
struct filter_zero_out_b { typedef seq<n> result; };
template<>
struct filter_zero_out_b<0> { typedef seq<> result; };
#include <iostream>
int main() {
typedef pack< int, double, char > pack1;
typedef pack< double, char > pack2;
typedef filter_seq< filter_zero_out, typename get_indexes<pack1>::type >::type reindex;
typedef filter_seq< filter_zero_out_b, typename get_indexes<pack1>::type >::type reindex_b;
typedef typename remap_pack< reindex, pack1 >::type pack2_clone;
typedef typename remap_pack< reindex_b, pack1 >::type pack2_clone_b;
std::cout << std::is_same< pack2, pack2_clone >::value << "\n";
std::cout << std::is_same< pack2, pack2_clone_b >::value << "\n";
}
这里我们有一个pack
包含任意类型列表的类型。有关如何在tuple
and之间移动的信息,请参阅@LucTouraille 的简洁答案pack
。
seq
保存一系列索引。 remap_pack
接受 aseq
和 a ,并通过抓取 original 的第 n 个元素pack
构建 a 结果。pack
pack
filter_seq
接受template<size_t>
functor 和 a seq
,并使用 functor 过滤seq
. 函子可以返回一个::value
类型size_t
或一个::result
类型seq<...>
或都不返回,允许一对一或一对多的函子。
其他一些辅助函数,如conc
, append
, conc_pack
, get_indexes
, make_seq
,nth_type
将事情完善。
我测试了filter_zero_out
哪个是::value
删除 0 的基于过滤器,filter_zero_out_b
哪个是::result
也删除 0 的基于过滤器。
除了那些疯狂的 TMP 东西,还有一个使用 C++17 STL 函数的非常简单的方法std::apply
:
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
template <class T, class... Args>
auto tail(const std::tuple<T, Args...>& t)
{
return std::apply(
[](const T&, const Args&... args)
{
return std::make_tuple(args...);
}, t);
}
int main()
{
// you can use it either like:
std::tuple<int, double, std::string> t{1, 2., "3"};
auto _2_3 = tail(t);
// or that way:
using tuple_t = decltype(tail(std::tuple<int, double, std::string>{}));
static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::tuple<double, std::string>, tuple_t>);
}
演示。