简短形式：如何在 C++11 中为根（全局）命名空间定义别名？它可能看起来像
namespace root_namespace = :: ;
其中，上面裸形式的范围解析运算符是全局命名空间的某个句柄的占位符。我在GCC Internals Manual中读到
...[编译器]整个中间表示的根是变量 global_namespace。这是::在 C++ 源代码中指定的命名空间... 全局命名空间的名称是::，尽管在 C++ 中全局命名空间是未命名的。
PS 编辑：对于迄今为止的受访者，我在以下长表格之后附加了一个痛苦的长表格来解决一些问题，因为它可能会澄清一些事情。追随者，如果你看到我们在谈论而不是互相交谈，请深入了解。
长格式：以下是其潜在用途的一个示例。如果不满意，那么是的，这是一个学术问题；看看下面这个令人痛苦的长表格。
想象一下，有一天你的老板闯入说：“我刚读了一本关于后实证主义的书。摆脱…… namespace ObjectiveReality”。在下面的代码中，你所要做的就是省略我这样标记的/* -> */行/* <- */。您目前可以对中间级别的嵌套执行此操作；但是，我不确定如何定义全局范围namespace current_authority以允许简单地省略第一个非全局命名空间。
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
// ...
using cat_is_alive = std::true_type ; // because I like cats
using cat_is_alive = ::cat_is_alive ; // seems to work, see `g++ -v` below
// ...
// ASIDE: I originally had `namespace higher_authority = COMPILER ;` as a comment, but changed it for simpler chaining closure
// The next two lines are the crux of my question...
namespace higher_authority = global_namespace ;
namespace current_authority = global_namespace ; // a.k.a. the naked ::
// If the above two lines defined aliases for the (unnamed) global namespace, then the suggested elisions/replacements work...
/* -> */
namespace ObjectiveReality {
/* <- */
// Simplest fix: replace with `using ObjectiveReality = current_authority ;`
// (Otherwise, a few other changes are necessary)
namespace higher_authority = current_authority ;
namespace current_authority = ObjectiveReality ;
using cat_is_alive = higher_authority::cat_is_alive ;
namespace EntangledObserver {
namespace higher_authority = current_authority ;
namespace current_authority = EntangledObserver ;
using cat_is_alive = higher_authority::cat_is_alive ;
} ;
/* -> */
} ;
/* <- */
int main( int argc, char** argv ) {
std::cout
<< "It is "
<< ObjectiveReality::EntangledObserver::cat_is_alive::value
<< " that the cat is alive." << std::endl ;
return 0 ;
}
// EOF
如果需要编译器信息：
$ g++ -std=c++11 -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.7/lto-wrapper
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.2-11precise2'
--with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs
--enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7
--enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib
--without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix
--with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.7 --libdir=/usr/lib
--enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug
--enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin
--enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686
--with-multilib-list=m32,m64 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release
--build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.2-11precise2)
PAINFULLY LONG FORM：作为对“从嵌套命名空间开始”的一些答案的回应，请注意“HOME！” 是不可访问的，而且我可能没有在团队中手工挑选命名空间的奢侈。
//
// alice.cpp
//
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
/////
///// The Setup
/////
//
// One-and-a-half macros
//
// BOO! Get rid of this case!
#define ENABLE_SUBSPACE_1( namespace_name ) \
namespace namespace_name { \
namespace last_namespace = ::namespace_name ; \
namespace this_namespace = ::namespace_name ;
// YEAH! Instead, define 'namespace this_namespace = :: ;' and then...
#define ENABLE_SUBSPACE( namespace_name ) \
namespace namespace_name { \
namespace last_namespace = this_namespace ; \
namespace this_namespace = last_namespace::namespace_name ;
//
// Some characters
//
struct dorothy {
static constexpr auto obvious_statement = "There's no place like " ;
} ;
struct rabbit {
template< typename T >
static constexpr char const* says( T ) {
return T::value ? "I'm late!" : "I'm late, but I ditched that addled girl." ;
}
} ;
struct alice {
using blue_pill = std::false_type ;
static constexpr auto where_am_i = "HOME!" ;
} ;
/////
///// The Central Structure
/////
ENABLE_SUBSPACE_1( oxford_england ) // {
using has_strangers_with_candy = std::true_type ;
struct alice {
using blue_pill = this_namespace::has_strangers_with_candy ;
static constexpr auto where_am_i = "Uncle Charles' picnic blanket." ;
} ;
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
using has_strangers_with_candy = std::false_type ; ///// Different...
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
struct alice { ///// Different...
using blue_pill = has_strangers_with_candy ;
static constexpr auto where_am_i = "needing a fix." ;
} ;
ENABLE_SUBSPACE( rabbit_hole ) // {
struct rabbit { using is_late = typename alice::blue_pill ; } ;
struct alice : last_namespace::alice { ///// Different...
static constexpr auto where_am_i = "an empty rabbit hole." ;
} ;
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END rabbit_hole
} ; // END oxford_england
/////
///// Snarky Output
/////
int main( int argc, char** argv ) {
std::cout << std::endl
<< dorothy::obvious_statement
<< alice::where_am_i
<< std::endl ; // There's no place like HOME!
std::cout
<< dorothy::obvious_statement
<< oxford_england::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::alice::where_am_i
<< std::endl ; // There's no place like needing a fix.
std::cout
<< dorothy::obvious_statement
<< oxford_england::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::rabbit_hole::alice::where_am_i
<< std::endl ; // There's no place like an empty rabbit hole.
std::cout << std::endl
<< rabbit::says(
oxford_england::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::rabbit::is_late()
) << std::endl ; // I'm late!
std::cout
<< rabbit::says(
oxford_england::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole:: // NOTE : alice::blue_pill is false_type
rabbit_hole::rabbit::is_late() // ... not this time ; Alice is crashing.
) << std::endl ; // I'm late, but I ditched that addled girl.
std::cout << std::endl
<< dorothy::obvious_statement
<< oxford_england::
rabbit_hole:: // 1
rabbit_hole:: // 2
rabbit_hole:: // 3
rabbit_hole:: // 4
rabbit_hole:: // 5
rabbit_hole:: // rabbit_hole #6
last_namespace:: // rabbit_hole #5
last_namespace:: // rabbit_hole #4
last_namespace:: // rabbit_hole #3
last_namespace:: // rabbit_hole #2
last_namespace:: // rabbit_hole #1
last_namespace::alice::where_am_i // oxford_england
<< std::endl ; // There's no place like Uncle Charles' picnic blanket.
std::cout
<< dorothy::obvious_statement
<< oxford_england::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
rabbit_hole::
last_namespace::
last_namespace::
last_namespace:: // 3
last_namespace:: // 2
last_namespace:: // 1
last_namespace:: // oxford
last_namespace::alice::where_am_i // not the global namespace!
<< ".. but I'd rather be " << ::alice::where_am_i // the global namespace.
<< std::endl ; // There's no place like Uncle Charles' picnic blanket... but I'd rather be HOME!
std::cout << std::endl ;
return 0 ;
}
/////
///// EOF
/////
/* Compiled with:
`g++ -std=c++11 -o alice alice.cpp`
*/
/* Output of `alice` :
There's no place like HOME!
There's no place like needing a fix.
There's no place like an empty rabbit hole.
I'm late!
I'm late, but I ditched that addled girl.
There's no place like Uncle Charles' picnic blanket.
There's no place like Uncle Charles' picnic blanket... but I'd rather be HOME!
*/